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22 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
government
The institutions and processes through which public policies are made for a society
Politics
: The process by which we select our governmental leaders and what policies these leaders pursue. Politics produces authoritative decisions about public issues
Policymaking System
The branches of government charged with taking actions on political issues. The US Constitution established 3 policymaking institutions- Congress, presidency, and the courts. Today, the power of the bureaucracy is so great that most political scientists consider it a 4th policymaking institution
Public Policy
A choice that government makes in response to a political issue. A policy is a course of action taken with regard to some problem
public goods
goods, such as clean air and clean water, that everyone must share.
political participation
all the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue. Voting is the most common but not the only means of political participation in a democracy. Other means include protest and civil disobedience.
single-issue groups
groups that have a narrow interest, tend to dislike compromise, and often draw membership from people new to politics. These features distinguish them from traditional interest groups.
linkage institutions
the political channels through which people's concerns become political issues on the policy agenda. In the US, linkage institutions include elections, political parties, interest groups, and then media.
policy agenda
the issues that attract the seroius attention of public officials and other people actually involved in politics at any given point in time.
political issue
an issue that arises when people disagree about a problem and how to fix it.
policymaking institutions
the branches of govt charged with taking action on political issues. The US Constitution established three policymaking institutions--the Congress, the presidency, and the courts. Today, the power of the bureaucracy is so great that most political scientists consider it a 4th policymaking institution.
public policy
a choice that govt makes in response to a political issue. a policy is a course of action taken with regard to some problem.
Democracy
A system of selecting policymakers and of organizing government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences
Majority rule
Choosing among alternatives requires that the majority’s desire be respected
Minority rights
Guarantees rights to those who do not belong to majorities and allows that they might join majorities through persuasion and reasoned argument
Representation
Describes the relationship between the few leaders and its many followers
Pluralist theory
A theory of government and politics emphasizing that politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies
Elite and class theory
A theory of government and politics contending that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization
Hyperpluralism
A theory of government and politics contending that groups are so strong that government is weaked. Hyperpluralism is an extreme, exaggerated, or perverted form of pluralism. Influence of many groups cripples government’s ability to make policy
Individualism
Belief that individuals should be left on their own by the government
policy gridlock
a condition that occurs when no coalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy. the result is that nothing may get done.
gross domestic product
the sum total of the value of all the goods and services produced in a nation.