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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Efficacy |
political efficacy: citizen’s faith and trust in their government |
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Prominent American values |
liberty, equality, democracy, private property, individualism, family, community, security |
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Types of government |
Monarchy oligarchy democracy totalitarianism authoritarianism constitutionalism |
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Monarchy |
one person is the permanent head of state, royal family, |
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oligarchy |
elite few hold the power, dictatorship |
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democracy |
citizens consent to be governed |
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totalitarianism |
government controls all aspects |
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authoritarianism |
government strong but checked |
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constitutionalism |
government restricted |
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Representative |
(opinion poll) samples from a population due to a non-response bias , exit (poll taken after you leave the voting booth outside the facility), push (manipulative way of convincing one candidate has acted wrongfully when it may or may not be true), |
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straw |
(opinion poll) a poll that conveys info vs collects public opinion |
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Random sampling |
everyone has equal opportunity of being selected, |
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sample size |
must equally reflect population(?) |
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sampling error |
margin of error, error based on small size of sample |
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Direct democracy |
people decide on policy initiatives directly |
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representative (indirect) democracy |
citizens elect representatives to make laws on their behalf |
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American values |
Liberty, equality, consent of the governed, individual, community, capitalism |
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Debate |
PROS: clear which side each person is on,increases public’s awareness, convince voter of the merits of a particular cause, CONS not productive in finding a solution, progression into an arguement |
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Dialogue |
PROS: safe and open environment, includes more people offering differing backgrounds and beliefs, both parties came together with a solution, CONS: hard to draw solution w/ no clear winner, takes time, reaches smaller audience |
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Skills” of democracy |
* mediation, negotiation, brainstorming, public dialogue, problem solving, celebrating
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Royalists (tories, Loyalists) |
Empowered/ privileged by the British Crown government |
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New England trade merchants |
Portals for shipping to and from Europe |
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Southern agriculturists |
Primary crop producers, slave owners |
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why did confederation fail? |
Weak central government |
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Representation |
CT Compromise fair representation of small states amongst big states |
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Slavery |
Three-Fifths Compromise southern economy vs northern economy |
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Power centralization |
Bill of Rights |
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MISSION of constitution |
establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for common defense, promote general welfare, secure liberty |
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STRUCTURE of constitution |
Separation of powers (A legislature, an executive branch, a judicial branch, limits to state autonomy, how US Constitution sits compared to laws and state constitutions),
checks and balances |
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amendment process |
two paths, two processes: Amendment Proposal (congress, convention) Ratification (state legislatures, state ratifying conventions) |
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which came first: state or constitution? |
state |
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implied powers of federal government |
Commerce clause, ‘general welfare’, necessary and proper clause (if there’s a conflict b/w the state and national government, the nat’l gov’t will prevail) |
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Reserved powers of state governments |
coercion: the power to develop and enforce criminal codes, to administer health and safety rules, regulate the family via marriage and divorce laws, Regulate individual’s livelihoods (ex: professional must be licensed by the state) Power to define private property Police power- state’s authority to regulate health, safety, and morals of its citizens. |
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Concurrent Powers |
power possessed by both state & nat’l gov’t |
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Marbury vs. Madison (SCOTUS as Constitutional interpreter) |
judicial review- power of the courts to review and declare actions of the legislative and executive branch invalid or unconstitutional |
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Full Faith and Credit |
each state is normally expected to honor the “public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings” that take place in any other state |
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Privileges and Immunities |
one state should be entitled to similar treatment in other states. A state cannot discriminate against someone from another state or give special privileges to its own residents. |
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Civil Liberties |
protections of citizens from actions of government |
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Civil Rights |
protections for citizens by government |
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Specifics of First amendment |
religion- no law requiring “establishment” of religion and free exercise clause no law prohibiting free exercise of religion
Political speech- test it with “clear and present danger” to national security test. Symbolic speech (symbolically conveys a message or statement) Limited protection speech Libel (WRITTEN statement that’s malicious, scandalous, or defamatory), slander (ORAL statement made in the same sense), obscenity, fighting words (constitution provides no protection over use of offensive language. Lewd and obscene, profane, libelous, and insulting or “fighting” words, used to inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of peace), commercial
Right to privacy (Not implemented in the constitution, but it is implied as an natural right) |
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Plessy v. Ferguson |
separate but equal |
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Brown v. Board of Education |
The race-based segregation of children into “separate but equal” public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and is unconstitutional. |
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Suspect classification |
A class of individuals that have been historically subject to discrimination |
