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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Civil liberties |
Individual's legal and Constitutional protections against gov |
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Bill of Rights |
First 10 amendments define basic liberties: freedom of religion, press, assembly, speech, and guarantee defendants' rights |
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14th amendment |
Defines citizenship Cannot deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws |
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Incorporatation doctrine |
Legal concept under which SC has nationalized BOR by making most of its provisions applicable to state thru 14th Amend |
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Prior restraint |
Certain materials cannot be published aka censorship |
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commercial speech |
Communication in the form of advertising. Can be restricted but has received increased protection by the government |
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Probable cause |
Reasonable ground to believe someone is guilty of a crim |
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Unreasonable searches and seizures |
require probable cause or search warrant are needed before legal action. If not this happens |
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Exclusionary rule |
Weigh evidence in criminal cases no matter how incriminating, evidence cannot be used from unreasonable searches and seizures |
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Fifth amendment |
Designated to protect rights of persons accused of crimes, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and punishment without due process of law |
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self-incrimation |
When individual is accused of crime is compelled to witness against self Fifth amendment forbids this |
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Sixth amendment |
protect individuals accused of crimes Ensured right to counsel in federal court, speedy trial, and confront witnesses. |
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plea bargain |
90% of cases begin and end with guilty ___ struck between defendant and prosecutor that then individual will agree to a lesser charge |
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Eighth amendment |
Forbids cruel and unusual punishment (death penalty doesn't really count as cruel and unusual) |
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Right to privacy |
right to personal life free from intrusion of government |
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Barron vs. Baltimore (1883) |
BOR cannot be applied to states |
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Gitlow vs. NY (1925) |
Gitlow was a socialist that wanted to create a socialist government through his publication gov called dangerous>>> |
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public opinion |
distribution of the population's beliefs about politics and policy issues |
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demography |
science of human population |
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census |
every 10 years // "actual enumeration" first one: 1790 minorities undercounted |
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political culture |
Overall set of values widely shared within a society |
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reapportionment |
reallocating seats in HOR every 10 years on basis of census |
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political socialization |
process you get your political orientation // how they feel about the world in regards to politics |
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sample |
small portion of a larger group |
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random sampling |
when equal probability of being selected as part of sample |
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sampling error |
level of confidence in findings of public option polls // more ppl interview, the more confident |
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random digit dialing |
randomly calls to both listed and unlisted #s to conduct survery |
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exit polls |
public option surveys used by major media outlets to predict electoral winners |
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gender gap |
when one gender votes more for one candidate than the other women more likely to go Democratic |
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political participation |
voting, protest, and civil disobedience |
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protest |
political participation: designed to achieve policy change through dramatic actions |
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civil disobedience |
Political participation: break law and suffer consequences |
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free exercise clause |
Prohibits abridgment of citizens' freedom to worship, or not to, as they please |
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establishment clause |
"Congress shall make no laws respecting an establishment of religion" // only gov wouldn't favor religion GB church officially recognized by gov as a national institution |
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Parochiaid |
"Aid to parochial schools" (private school w Jesus) |
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Equal Access Act (1984) |
unlawful if HS receiving federal funds says no to religious group of students if others can use those same facilities |
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Religious Freedom Restoration Act (1993) |
Right to perform religious rituals unless "compelling interests" '97: act>> unconstitutional: intrusion of regulating health and wellness of citizens |
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Libel |
ruining reputation in print |
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Slander |
ruining reputation in person out loud |
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Smith Act (1940) |
Forbade advocating the violent overthrow of American government |
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Shield Laws |
Protect reporters |
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Obscenity |
portraying or description of sexual matters // repulsive // "patently offensive" // or lacking "serious literacy, artistic political, or science value" |
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Communications Decency Act (1996) |
banned porn on Internet |
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Section 505 of Telecommunications Act of 1996 |
Requires cable TV operators providing porn channels to only show sexual stuff when kids couldn't watch (later hours) |
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Controversy on Abortion |
1st trimester: states had no control 2nd trimester: states permitted to limit abortion 3rd trimester: states had to protect fetus |
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Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrnaces Act (1994?) |
federal crime to intimidate abortion providers or women seeking |
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Immigrant waves |
1st: late 19th century > NW European (English, Irish, and German) 2nd: late 19, early 20th cent > S&E European (Italians, Jews, Russians) 3rd: recent decade > Hispanics, Cubans, Asians, Philippines, Vietnam |
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Melting pot |
Mix of cultures, races, and ideas |
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Minority majority |
America will cease to have white majority in 2060 when the minorities will run them out |
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Simpson-Mazzoli Act |
requires documentation that you're a citizen before beginning work |
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Mass media |
"New parent" |
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Literary Digest |
Laughing stock bc underestimated vote for president Landon expected to win, but Roosevelt took the win by 19% |
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Political ideology |
Coherent set of values or beliefs about public policy determined more by religiousity than denomination |
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Ideologues |
theorist "Thinking in ideological terms" |
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Group benefit |
which groups they liked best Ex: democrats like the working class // republicans like small business owners |
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Nature of the times |
Politics are limited good/bad times ex: linking a party to (mis)fortune of a country |
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Rags |
liked as a person but not politics Reduce $$$ on domestic products (welfare) Increase defense spending 25% reduction in fed income tax rates support for social agenda GOV WAS THE PROBLEM NOT THE SOLUTION |
