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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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rudimentary/vestigial structures
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bits of useless anatomy, preserved as remnants of functional parts in ancestors
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Panda's thumb
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shows evolution because it is now clumsy and useless; used to be used for clawing
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What is odd about migration routes chosen by some animals?
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some animals migrate 1000's of miles from feeding to breeding areas with amazing precision even though appropriate spots may be closer
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Archie Carr
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world's expert on the migration of the green turtle said that ancestors of the c. mydas used to swim from Brazil to a proto-Ascension on the Mid Atlantic Ridge
supposed that they began their journey by celestial cues and got home by scent and taste |
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Carr's Two Theories
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1. New: the peculiar Ascension route evolved gradually in a sensible and predictable fashion
2. Old: a sudden event, an accidental and unpredictable vagary of history occurred |
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What did the hatchlings of C. Mydas float on?
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Equatorial Current
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What is the Mauritius kestrel?
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endangered bird doomed due to habitat loss, pesticide poisioning and egg predation
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stochastic perturbation
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a stroke of bad luck that would kill of the kestrel
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Did the kestrel show signs of being allopatric, sympatric or philopatric?
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philopatric; meaning homeloving
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What were the 3 isolated mountain chains where the kestrel had been located?
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Bambous, Moka, and the Black River Gorges
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What is Chronic inbreeding?
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prevented the acculmulation of a heavy genetic load. Allowed for potentially lethal mutations to be combed out of the population gradually.
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What is Population Viability Analysis (PVA)?
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considers the potential net impact of a number of processes functioning interactively, all to the detriment of a small population.
Differed from the old Minimum Viable Population (MVP) concept in that it dealt with actual situations not idealized ones. |
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Who is Carl Jones?
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studied the kestrel
Noticed that inbreeding depression was occurring among offspring of kestrel in small numbers. |
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Inbreeding depression
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tendency toward terminal oviduct disorders
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William Heck
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hatching and rearing specialist
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Norman Myers
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coined TRIAGE
speculated that some endangered species just couldn't be helped |
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Muriqui
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largest of New World monkeys
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Where is the Muriqui found?
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Brazilian Atlantic forest
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Who is Karen Strier?
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made imporant discoveries concerning the Muriqui.
Does not believe in the subjection of her Muriqui to conservation measures |
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What were 2 of Strier's discoveries?
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social relations within a group, including the potentially fractious matters of reproductive competition among males, are remarkably gentle.
Females leave their habitat after breeding, males stay. This prevents inbreeding. |
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Concho Water Snake
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endangered and will become even more so with the construction of the Stacy Dam
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Soule and Gilpin
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studied the Concho for a month, some of their study mirrored the work of MacArthur and Wilson.
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Riffle
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only habitat that a young Concho could survive to maturity
Each riffle is an island where immigration and extinction could occur |
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framentation data
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charted 2 factors, habitat distribution and actual snake distribution
Close to the distance effect of MacArthur and Wilson. |
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Metapopulation
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a population of populations
related to the Equilibrium Theory of MC and W. However, the Equilibrium Theory assumes the existence of a mainland. there is no mainland in metapopulation. |
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What were Soule and Gilpin's findings?
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The dam would not directly produce extinction in the short run. It would indirectly make the pop more vulnerable to extinction with increased chances of inbreeding.
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What are some characteristics of Bermuda?
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volcanic origin.
high isolation index that should encourage allopatric speciation. only 8 species of algae are endemic to Bermuda. |
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myopic view
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looking at 1 tree will not tell you where you are, you need more info
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monarch butterfly migration
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1. goes south to Mexico
2. lays eggs 3. eggs hatch and develop 4. more come north than goes south |
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locusts migration
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Travels in swarms.
not timed to a change in season however they are timed to changes in vegetation called **irruptions** |
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irruptions
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movements of animals less regular than annual migration
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Catadromous fish
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breeds salt water but lives in fresh water
EX. eel |
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Anadromous fish
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breeds fresh water but lives in salt water
Ex. salmon, shad |
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Poikiotherm
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ambient temperature animal
EX. reptiles |
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True or false: eels mate at shallow depths
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FALSE
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True or false: sea turtles mate offshore of ancestral beaches
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TRUE
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True or false: they are found in every ocean marine
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FALSE
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True or false: females only leave water for mating purposes.
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FALSE
They only leave to lay the eggs |
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True or false: sea turtles are the only migratory reptile
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TRUE
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True or false: a good amount of sea turtle eggs hatch and make it to maturity
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FALSE
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What is migration?
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Long distance, 2-D movement from feeding grounds to breeding grounds (usually annually)
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What do sea turtles use as compass and map sense to direct themselves in the ocean?
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Magnitite in their brain.
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What does genetically imprinted mean?
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turtles return to the beaches they were born on
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Cheney Index
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Tells you whether its tropical (>6) or non-tropical (<6) or mixed (=6).
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Jaccard’s Index
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Similarity of flora between 2 places
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Explain how Bermuda's flora changed.
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1. Tropical flora in Bermuda, glaciations occur
2. Flora is pushed south or removed 3. As the glaciers retreated, flora returned to its normal habitat |
