Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
A Shunt is _____ perfusion with ______ ventilation
|
high perfusion, low ventilation
|
|
|
a "Left Shift" in the oxygen binding curve indicates a _______ in affinity, such as caused by a _______ in BPG or a _______ in CO
|
increase
decrease in BPG increase in CO |
|
|
which defect, ventilation or perfusion, resolves with with administration of O2?
|
ventilation
|
|
|
normally, iron in hemoblogin is in the _____ state, but in methemoglobin it is in the ______ state.
_________ are are risk for methemoglobin |
Ferrous 2+
Ferric 3+ (oxidized) newborns (lack of b5 reductase) |
|
|
administration of methylene blue treats ____________
|
methemoglobinemia (chocolate colored blood, cyanosis)
|
|
|
in Carbon Monoxide poisoning, the _____ is decreased, but hte ________ is normal
|
saturation
arterial oxygen pressure |
|
|
at altitude, the oxygen binding curve is initially shifted ______, but then eventually shifts _______ due to ________
|
left (due to respiratory alkalosis)
right due to production of 2,3BPG |
|
|
Cyanide Poisoning involves an ______ in venous oxygen saturation and content
|
increase (tissues can't extract)
|
|
|
what is the treatment for cyanide poisoning?
|
amyl nitrite ---> then thiosulfate
|
|
|
thermogenin, dinitrophenol, alcohol, and salicylates all cause a __________ in the synthesis of ATP
|
decrease (uncouplers = hyperthermia)
|
|
|
what is the ECG change seen in subendocardial ischemia?
|
ST-segment depression
|
|
|
release of _________ into the cytosol activates apoptosis
|
cytochrome c
|
|
|
the final product of NADPH oxidase is _________, which is formed via the action of what enzyme?
|
HCl (hypochlorous acid)
myeloperoxidase |
|
|
the action of catalase is to degrade ________ into __________
|
peroxide
O2 and H2O |
|
|
Smokers have reduced levels of which antioxidant of hydroxyl free-radicals?
|
Vitamin C
|
|
|
what is the treatment of acetaminophen toxicity?
|
N-acetylcysteine (to increase glutathione synthesis for reduction)
|
|
|
what are CYP450 inducers?
|
alcohol
barbituates phenytoin |
|
|
what are CYP450 inhibitors?
|
PPIs
Macrolide antibiontics Histamine blockers |
|
|
Primary Lysosomes are formed from the ______________
|
Golgi apparatus
|
|
|
what is the cause of I-cell disease?
|
a defect in the post-translational modification of lysosomal enzymes (due to a deficiency in Phopsphotransferase)
|
|
|
what are the symptoms/signs of I-cell disease?
|
cytosolic inclusions of undigested substrates
psychomotor retardation early death |
|
|
Chediak Higashi syndrome is a defect in ____________ function, which results in ___________ lysosomes and impaired __________
|
microtubules
giant chemotaxis of neutrophils |
|
|
Chediak Higasi syndrome causes increased susceptibility to what org?
|
Staph aureus
|
|
|
Mallory bodies are seen in the _______ while Lewy bodies are seen in the __________
|
liver (ubiquinated cytokeratin in alcoholics)
brain (Parkinsons) |
|
|
Kernicterus is caused by excessive ________ that damages the ___________
|
bilirubin
basal ganglia |
