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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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list 5 causes of tissue hypoxia
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tissue hypoxia- inadequate O2 reaching tissues
1. ishemia- 2. hypoxemia- low PaO2 3. problems with oxidative pathway in mitochondria 4 uncouples ox/phos in mitochondria 5. AV shunting |
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Definition- decreased arterial blood flow to tissue and give 2 examples
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ischemia
atherosclerosis like in MCC decreased cardiac output |
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definition- low arterial partial pressure of O2. list 4 examples
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hypoxemia
1. respiratory acidosis 2. vetilation problems like in atelectasis (RDS, ARDS) 3. perfusion problems- increases dead space pulmonary embolus 4. diffusion - interstitial fibrosis in lungs 5. anemia 6. CO poisoning 7. methemoglobin 8. left shift of ODC |
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how do CN and CO cause tissue hypoxia
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inhibit complex 4 in miochondria so cause problems in ox/phos which decreases amount of ATP and causes tissue hypoxia
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what do uncouplers do and list 4 examples
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render inner mitochondrial membrane permeable to protons which decreases ATP synthesis
1. alcohol 2. salicylates 3. DNP 4. Valinomycin |
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name 3 ways other than congenitally that a person can develop an AV shunt
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1. AV fistula from trauma
2. spider angioma due to hyperestrinism 3. mosaic bone in Paget's |
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list 3 main effects is there is a decrease in ATP in cell
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1. cell must use anaerobic glycolysis to generate ATP
2. impaired Na/K pump 3 ribosomes fall off RER |
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how is phosphofructokinas (PFK) activated
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1. by low citrate
2. increase in AMP |
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why is a decrease in intracellualr pH when there is a decrease in ATP
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bc cell must used anaerobic glycolysis and the last step is to convert pyruvate to lactate which is an acid this degenerates cell enzymes an other proteins causing coagulative necrosis and producing a large anion gap metabolic acidosis
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what is the difference bwt O2 content, PaO2 and SaO2
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O2 content- total amount of O2 carried in blood
PaO2- amount of O2 dissolved in plamsa SaO2- percentage of O2 atached to the 4 heme groups in Hb within RBC, normal range is 94-96% |
