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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the sequence of BV response to injury?
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major injury - intima thickens - SMC is stimulated and migrates to intima - synthesis of ECM - formation of fibrous cap
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what is arteriosclerosis and what are the 3 types
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hardening of arteries
atherosclerosis, monkeberg's, arteriolosclerosis |
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atherosclerosis - risk factors that cannot be controlled
risk factors that can be controlled |
no control - old age, mens, family history
control - smoking, hyperlipidemia, HTN, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia |
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mutated LDL-Receptor may lead to:
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familiial hypercholesterolemia and premature atherosclerosis
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of all 5 types of hyperlipidemia, the most common is:
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type 4
increased triglycerides increased VLDL slightly elevated cholesterol |
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describe monckeberg's arteriosclerosis
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calcification in media, not intima. involves muscular arteries. over 50year olds and is asymptomatic. note that this may show up on radiographs as a red herring
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what are the two types of arteriolosclerosis?
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1. hyaline arteriolosclerosis - thickened arteriole w/ hyaline, it becomes narrowed. seen in elderly
2. hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis - seen in malignant HTN. "onion skin" appearance -both are associated with HTN and diabetes |
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aneurysm - most common location
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abdominal aorta, distal to renal aa , proximal to iliac aa bifurcation
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aneurysm pathogenesis in syphillis:
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inflammation of vasa vasorum
ischemia of media loss of elasticity dilation |
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why are marfan's syndrome pt's at risk for BV disorders
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dfect in fibrillin-1, necessary for elasticity of BVs
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pt has sudden onset of chest pain that radiates to their back, also HTN. what is dx:
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aortic dissection
(MI pain won't radiate to back) |
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aortic dissection can lead to bleeding into:
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pericardium (cardiac tamponade)
pleural space (hemothorax) peritoneum |
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berry aneurysm locations
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circle of willis, assoc with PKD
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syphilitic aneurysm locations
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thoracic aorta
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atherosclerosis-associated aneurysm locations
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abdominal aorta
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polyarteritis nodosa
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-assoc w/ Hep B
-necrotizing inflammation of small/medium muscular arteries in kidney, GI, coronary aa -see eosinophila -often have (+) P ANCA |
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Wegener's Granulomatosis
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-labs: (+) C ANCA
-triad of sinusitis, pneumonitis, gomerulitis |
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Kawasaki disease:
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-most common acquired heart disease in kids
-transmural inflammation, w/ rash, lymphadenopathy, can affect coronary aa and see MI |
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takayasu arteritis:
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will find no pulse in neck/arms, yet pulse is present in legs
-granulomatous inflammation and stenosis of aortic arch and its branches -young asian girls |
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temporal arteritis
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ganulomatous inflammation of small/medium aa, especially temporal aa.
-polymyalgia rheumatica -high ESR -can lead to blindness |
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thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's Disease)
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exclusively in young smokers
-inflammation of aa, vv and nn -PAINFUL. gan lead to gangrene from ischemia |
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raynaud disease vs phenomenon
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disease - in young healthy women, pallor and cyanosis at fingers/toes
phenomenon - always secondary to SLE or Scleroderma |
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4 types of granulomatous diseases of BV
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-kawasaki (in kids)
-takayasu (young women) -temporal arteritis (elderly) -wegener's granulomatosis (URT, LRT, kidney) |
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thrombophlebitis
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-at leg veins
-due to pregnancy (pressure on leg) -obesity -bed rest -can lead to PE |
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differentiate among severe chest pains:
tearing chest pain radiating to back: crushing pain on chest: short of breath and chest pain: pins and needles: |
tearing chest pain radiating to back: dissecting aneurysm
crushing pain on chest: MI short of breath and chest pain: PE pins and needles: pericarditis |
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when are microabscesses found in thrombi?
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Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease)
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