God's Design For The Physical World: Heat And Energy

Front 1

What is the scientific defintion of energy?

Back 1

The ability to do work

Hint 1

Lesson 1

Front 2

What are the eight types of energy recognized by scientists?

Back 2

Mechanical, chemical, nuclear, thermal, electrical, magnetic, sound, and light

Hint 2

Lesson 1

Front 3

Which types of energy can be converted into other types of energy?

Back 3

Pretty much all forms can be converted, although it is unlikely to convert most forms of energy into nuclear energy.

Hint 3

Lesson 1

Front 4

What is mechanical energy?

Back 4

The energy of moving objects

Hint 4

Lesson 2

Front 5

What are the two forms of mechanical energy?

Back 5

Kinetic and potential

Hint 5

Lesson 2

Front 6

What are some forces in nature that possess mechanical energy?

Back 6

Wind, waves, volcano, animals, any object that is higher than ground level, anything that is moving

Hint 6

Lesson 2

Front 7

What is chemical energy?

Back 7

Energy that is stored in the bonds of molecules

Hint 7

Lesson 3

Front 8

What two complementary processes were designed by God to change the sun's energy into energy for all living things?

Back 8

Photosynthesis and digestion/cellular respiration

Hint 8

Lesson 3

Front 9

Name two fossil fuels.

Back 9

Petroleum/oil, coal, and natural gas.

Hint 9

Lesson 3

Front 10

Other than digestion, what is the most common way to release chemical energy?

Back 10

Through combustion or burning

Hint 10

Lesson 3

Front 11

What is nuclear power?

Back 11

Energy that is released when the nucleus of an atom is changed.

Hint 11

Lesson 4

Front 12

What is nuclear fission?

Back 12

A nucleus splits apart after being hit by a speeding neutron.

Hint 12

Lesson 4

Front 13

What is nuclear fusion?

Back 13

When a new nucleus is formed by the fusing of two or more smaller nuclei or nuclear particles such as protons and neutrons.

Hint 13

Lesson 4

Front 14

Which nuclear process is used in nuclear power plants?

Back 14

Nuclear fission

Hint 14

Lesson 4

Front 15

What are the two types of nuclear weapons that have been developed?

Back 15

Fission and fusion

Hint 15

Lesson 5

Front 16

Why are fusion bombs sometimes called hydrogen bombs?

Back 16

Energy is released as hydrogen atoms fuse to form helium.

Hint 16

Lesson 5

Front 17

Why are fusion bombs sometimes called thermonuclear weapons?

Back 17

The fusion reaction occurs at very high temperatures.

Hint 17

Lesson 5

Front 18

How are the high temperatures needed for a fusion reaction achieved in a hydrogen bomb?

Back 18

A small fission reaction is used to produce the temperatures.

Hint 18

Lesson 5

Front 19

What is thermal energy?

Back 19

The total energy in an item due to the movement of the item's molecules.

Hint 19

Lesson 6

Front 20

What is temperature?

Back 20

The average energy the molecules contain.

Hint 20

Lesson 6

Front 21

What is a calorie?

Back 21

The amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.

Hint 21

Lesson 6

Front 22

How are Calories in food related to thermal energy?

Back 22

The number of Calories the food contains is the potential energy stored in the food. This represents the amount of thermal energy it can supply.

Hint 22

Lesson 6

Front 23

What is conduction?

Back 23

The transferring of heat energy by the collision of faster molecules with slower molecules.

Hint 23

Lesson 7

Front 24

What is equilibrium?

Back 24

When two substances have transferred energy until they are both at the same temperature--they both have the same average thermal energy.

Hint 24

Lesson 7

Front 25

Which materials are good conductors of heat?

Back 25

Metals are good conductors of heat, and silver is the best conductor.

Hint 25

Lesson 7

Front 26

What is convection?

Back 26

The movement of heat by currents

Hint 26

Lesson 8

Front 27

What causes convection?

Back 27

Gravity causes denser materials to sink below lighter materials.

Hint 27

Lesson 8

Front 28

How does convection affect the weather on earth?

Back 28

Heat from the sun causes convection currents in the air, resulting in winds and movement of weather systems.

Hint 28

Lesson 8

Front 29

What is thermal radiation?

Back 29

It is heat that is transferred by way of electromagnetic waves.

Hint 29

Lesson 9

Front 30

Which type of electromagnetic waves most easily transfer heat energy?

Back 30

Infrared waves

Hint 30

Lesson 9

Front 31

Which colors best absorb radiated heat?

Back 31

Dark colors, especially black.

Hint 31

Lesson 9

Front 32

What is solar energy?

Back 32

Energy from the sun.

Hint 32

Lesson 10

Front 33

What is geothermal energy?

Back 33

Heat energy from beneath the surface of the earth.

Hint 33

Lesson 10

Front 34

How is solar energy used?

Back 34

The radiation is used to heat water in solar panels for use in the home. Also, solar energy can be used to generate electricity.

Hint 34

Lesson 10

Front 35

How is geothermal energy used?

Back 35

The heat from the earth is used to generate steam.

Hint 35

Lesson 10

Front 36

What is electricity?

Back 36

The flow of electrons.

Hint 36

Lesson 11

Front 37

What is static electricity?

Back 37

An electrical charge that is built up on an object.

Hint 37

Lesson 11

Front 38

What is the Law of Charges?

Back 38

Opposite charges attract, like charges repel.

Hint 38

Lesson 11

Front 39

What is an electrical conductor?

Back 39

A material that easily allows electrons to flow.

Hint 39

Lesson 12

Front 40

What is an electrical insulator?

Back 40

A material that does not conduct electricity easily.

Hint 40

Lesson 12

Front 41

What is a semi-conductor?

Back 41

A material that allows a small amount of electricity to flow through it.

Hint 41

Lesson 12

Front 42

What materials are good conductors of electricity?

Back 42

Metals

Hint 42

Lesson 12

Front 43

What materials are good electrical insulators?

Back 43

Wood, plastic, rubber, cloth, etc.

Hint 43

Lesson 12

Front 44

What is lightning?

Back 44

A sudden discharge of electricity.

Hint 44

Lesson 13

Front 45

What causes lightning?

Back 45

Friction between rapidly moving air, water drops, ice and hail strips electrons from the particles causing clouds to build up a static charge.

Hint 45

Lesson 13

Front 46

What is thunder?

Back 46

The sound generated by rapidly expanding air in a thunderstorm.

Hint 46

Lesson 13

Front 47

What causes the air molecules to move quickly enough to generate thunder?

Back 47

The enormous amount of heat generated by the flow of electrons in a lightning bolt.

Hint 47

Lesson 13

Front 48

What is current?

Back 48

A continuous flow of electrons.

Hint 48

Lesson 14

Front 49

Name two ways to generate current.

Back 49

Chemical reaction such as with a battery, with an electromagnet like at a power plant, or with lightning.

Hint 49

Lesson 14

Front 50

What is a circuit?

Back 50

It is a complete path or circle through which current can flow.

Hint 50

Lesson 14

Front 51

What is a short circuit?

Back 51

When current finds a shorter path back to its source without going through the intended device.

Hint 51

Lesson 14

Front 52

What is voltage?

Back 52

It is a measure of the electrical potential energy that can be supplied by a battery or other power source.

Hint 52

Lesson 15

Front 53

What direction does current flow in a battery?

Back 53

It flows from the negative terminal to the positive terminal.

Hint 53

Lesson 15

Front 54

Describe the difference between a serial circuit and a parallel circuit.

Back 54

A serial circuit has only one path for the current to flow through; a parallel circuit has multiple paths for the current to flow through.

Hint 54

Lesson 16

Front 55

What is a magnet?

Back 55

A material in which most of the atoms are lined up in the same magnetic orientation.

Hint 55

Lesson 17

Front 56

Is the strength of a magnet the same throughout the magnet?

Back 56

No, the field is strongest near the poles.

Hint 56

Lesson 17

Front 57

What is the Law of Magnetic Poles?

Back 57

Opposite magnetic poles attract and same poles repel.

Hint 57

Lesson 17

Front 58

What materials are magnetic?

Back 58

Iron, cobalt, nickel, gadolinium, and alloys with these materials.

Hint 58

Lesson 18

Front 59

How can a magnet lose its magnetism?

Back 59

A sharp blow can cause the atoms to become randomly aligned and thus lose the magnetic field.

Hint 59

Lesson 18

Front 60

Do all magnetic materials produce the same strength magnetic field?

Back 60

No, some magnets are stronger than others.

Hint 60

Lesson 18

Front 61

How is the earth like a giant magnet?

Back 61

It has a magnetic field with a north and south pole.

Hint 61

Lesson 19

Front 62

How far does the earth's magnetic field extend?

Back 62

It goes several hundred miles into space.

Hint 62

Lesson 19

Front 63

Where is the earth's magnetic north pole?

Back 63

It is in the Arctic Ocean north of Canada and south of the geographic North Pole.

Hint 63

Lesson 19

Front 64

What is an electromagnet?

Back 64

A magnetic field that is generated when a current passes through a coil that surrounds a magnetic material.

Hint 64

Lesson 20

Front 65

What are some common uses for electromagnets?

Back 65

Sorting metals, moving magnetic materials, maglev trains, computer disks, video tapes.

Hint 65

Lesson 20

Front 66

What is an electric generator?

Back 66

A device that produces electricity.

Hint 66

Lesson 21

Front 67

How do most electric generators work?

Back 67

They use steam to turn a turbine attached to a wire coil that is suspended in a magnetic field. The moving coil creates a changing magnetic field, which induces a current to flow in a nearby wire.

Hint 67

Lesson 21

Front 68

What is an electric motor?

Back 68

A device that changes electricity into mechanical energy.

Hint 68

Lesson 21

Front 69

How does an electric motor work?

Back 69

A changing current flows through a coil that is suspended in a magnetic field. This creates a changing feild that repels the coil and makes it spin, thus producing mechanical energy.

Hint 69

Lesson 21

Front 70

What are two different types of energy waves?

Back 70

Mechanical and electromagnetic, or light and sound.

Hint 70

Lesson 22

Front 71

What is the main difference between mechanical and electromagnetic waves?

Back 71

Mechanical waves must have a medium to transport them and electromagnetic waves can move through a vacuum.

Hint 71

Lesson 22

Front 72

What is the highest point of a wave called?

Back 72

The peak or crest

Hint 72

Lesson 22

Front 73

What is the lowest part of a wave called?

Back 73

Thr trough.

Hint 73

Lesson 22

Front 74

How is a wavelength of a wave defined?

Back 74

The distance from one peak to the next peak.

Hint 74

Lesson 22

Front 75

What characteristic of an electromagnetic wave determines its visible color?

Back 75

Its frequency or wavelength.

Hint 75

Lesson 23

Front 76

Which waves have a higher frequency, radio waves or gamma rays?

Back 76

Gamma rays

Hint 76

Lesson 23

Front 77

Which kinds of electromagnetic waves are used for communication?

Back 77

Primarily radio waves, but some communications use microwaves.

Hint 77

Lesson 23

Front 78

What is a sound wave?

Back 78

An energy wave that is detectable by the human ear.

Hint 78

Lesson 24

Front 79

How do sound waves move through the air?

Back 79

By causing the air molecules to compress and expand as the wave passes through.

Hint 79

Lesson 24

Front 80

List some materials through which sound waves can travel.

Back 80

Air, water, metal, wood, the ground, and many other items...

Hint 80

Lesson 24

Front 81

What types of materials absorb sound waves?

Back 81

Cloth and other porous materials--materials with many holes in them.

Hint 81

Lesson 24

Front 82

What are the three main characteristics that determine the quality of a sound?

Back 82

Pitch or frequency, loudness or amplitude, and overtones or harmonics.

Hint 82

Lesson 25

Front 83

How does the pitch change as the frequency goes up?

Back 83

The pitch goes up--gets higher.

Hint 83

Lesson 25

Front 84

What is an overtone?

Back 84

It is a secondary wave traveling with the primary wave that has a frequency that is a multiple of the primary frequency.

Hint 84

Lesson 25

Front 85

What units are used to measure loudness?

Back 85

Bels or decibles.

Hint 85

Lesson 25

Front 86

What are acoustics?

Back 86

A building's effects on sound.

Hint 86

Lesson 26

Front 87

What is resonance?

Back 87

When one vibrating material transfers its energy to another material with the same natural frequency.

Hint 87

Lesson 26

Front 88

What is the Doppler effect?

Back 88

The pitch of an object increases as the source approaches and decreases as it goes away from you.

Hint 88

Lesson 26

Front 89

What makes music different from noise?

Back 89

The notes are distinct. They have specific pitches and timing. Music has rhythm.

Hint 89

Lesson 27

Front 90

What are the four main types of instruments? How does each make a tone?

Back 90

Strings--a string is vibrated
Percussion--a surface vibrates when struck
wind--air is made to vibrate by blowing
electronic--vibrations are converted into electrical signals that are amplified and turned into sound waves

Hint 90

Lesson 27

Front 91

How is a light wave different from a sound wave?

Back 91

It is at a higher frequency and can travel through a vacuum. It is electromagnetic, not mechanical.

Hint 91

Lesson 28

Front 92

Name three sources of light.

Back 92

The sun, flames, light bulbs, etc...

Hint 92

Lesson 28

Front 93

What color of light has the lowest frequency? What color has the highest frequency?

Back 93

REd has the lowest frequency and violet has the highest frequency.

Hint 93

Lesson 28

Front 94

Explain how an incandescent bulb produces light.

Back 94

It contains a thin wire made of a material (like tungsten) that glows when a current passes through it.

Hint 94

Lesson 28

Front 95

Explain how a fluorescent bulb produces light.

Back 95

Electricity excites the gas inside, turning it into plasma. The plasma emits ultraviolet light that causes the phosphor inside the bulb to glow.

Hint 95

Lesson 28

Front 96

What is the true color of white light?

Back 96

It contains all colors of visible light.

Hint 96

Lesson 29

Front 97

Why does light split when it goes through glass or water?

Back 97

Different colors of light travel at different speeds through different materials, so the rays of light are bent different amounts as they pass through water/glass/etc.

Hint 97

Lesson 29

Front 98

How do our eyes detect light?

Back 98

Special cells called rods and cones detect light and send signals to the brain.

Hint 98

Lesson 29

Front 99

What color of light does a yellow object absorb?

Back 99

All wavelengths except yellow.

Hint 99

Lesson 29

Front 100

What is a reflection?

Back 100

Light that bounces off of a surface.

Hint 100

Lesson 30

Front 101

Which types of materials best reflect light?

Back 101

Smooth and shiny materials.

Hint 101

Lesson 30

Front 102

What kind of path does light take?

Back 102

It moves in waves that travel in straight lines.

Hint 102

Lesson 30

Front 103

What are the three shapes of mirrors?

Back 103

Plane or flat, concave, and convex.

Hint 103

Lesson 31

Front 104

How does a concave mirror affect light rays and the reflected image?

Back 104

It bends the light inward and inverts the image (turns it upside-down).

Hint 104

Lesson 31

Front 105

How does a convex mirror affect the light rays and the reflected image?

Back 105

It bends the light outward and stretched the image.

Hint 105

Lesson 31

Front 106

What is refraction?

Back 106

The bending of light as it changes speeds going from one medium to another.

Hint 106

Lesson 32

Front 107

Why do items appear to be in a different location underwater than they actually are?

Back 107

The bent light hits your eyes in a location other than where you expect, making the object appear to be in a slightly different location.

Hint 107

Lesson 32

Front 108

What is a mirage?

Back 108

It is a reflection of the sky above the pavement on a hot day. It occurs because light is bent as it moves from denser cooler air into warmer less dense air near the ground.

Hint 108

Lesson 32

Front 109

What is a lens?

Back 109

A curved piece of glass or plastic that bends light.

Hint 109

Lesson 33

Front 110

What effect does a convex lens have on light?

Back 110

Parallel light rays are bent toward the center of the lens. Images are either upside down and smaller than the actual object, or right side up and larger, depending on the distance from the lens and the lens's focal length.

Hint 110

Lesson 33

Front 111

What is another name for a concave lens?

Back 111

Diverging lens.

Hint 111

Lesson 33

Front 112

Name three inventions that use lenses.

Back 112

Telescope, microscope, camera, eyeglasses, magnifying glass (and others)

Hint 112

Lesson 33

Front 113

What effect does a concave lens have on light?

Back 113

Parallel light rays are bent outward from the lens. The image will be right-side-up and smaller.

Hint 113

Lesson 33