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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Whisky Rebellion |
-(1794) farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey. - In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. -The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion. -first time a militia was used to suppress protestors |
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Xyz affairs |
-(1798) A commission had been sent to France in 1797 to discuss the disputes that had arisen out of the U.S.'s refusal to honor the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. - France began to break off relations with the U.S. Adams sent delegates to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand in the hopes of working things out. -Talleyrand's three agents tried to get the Americans to pay to meet him but they did not pay the bribe, and in 1798 Adams made the incident public, substituting the letters "X, Y and Z" for the names of the three French agents in his report to Congress. |
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Quasi war |
-undeclared war between the U.S. and France. -The American's built up their forces and Navy and spent the next 2 years attacking French shipping while the French did the same. - Adams avoided real war because he believed that it would divide the colonies and lead to a civil war. -Adams sent another delegation to negotiate a peaceful end. This was a good call because it may have jeopardized the American purchase of Louisiana in 1803. |
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Alien and sedition acts |
-(1798) signed into law by john Adams - fours bills that made it harder for an immigrant to become a citizen -allowed president to deport and imprison non citizens who were deemed dangerous or were from a hostile nation -criminalized making false statements that were critical of the federal gov |
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Northwest ordinance |
This act created a method of admitting territory to the US - governance of western lands; two evolutionary territorial stages, during which the area was subordinate to federal government -when a territoy had sixty thousand inhabitants, it could be admitted by Congress as a state, with all the privileges of the thirteen charter members (this was what Continental Congress had promised when the states surrendered their lands in 1781) |
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Missouri compromise |
An effort made by congress to defuse political and sectional rivalries about the admission for new territory in 1819 - +1820), The issue was that Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave state, therefore unbalancing the Union so there would be more slave states then free states. -The compromise set it up so that Maine joined as a free state and Missouri joined as a slave state. - Congress also made a line across the southern border of Missouri saying except for the state of Missouri, all states north of that line must be free states or states without slavery. |
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Great compromise |
-set up the legislative body of the us today - larger states were conceded representation by population in the House of Representatives and the smaller states were appeased by equal representation in the Senate |
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Alexander Hamilton |
-emerging as a major political figure during the debate over the constitution, this man was a federalist who established the first national bank in the nation -he played large part in the assumption bill |
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Assumption bill |
-allowed the federal government to assume the debt of the states |
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George Washington/isolationism |
-he was a renowned military leader of the american revolution, he lead the soldiers during the battle of Trenton and preached the philosophy of isolationism -isolationism is the idea that one country should not be concerned with the internal affairs or foreign policy with another country |
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Battle of bunker hill |
-created huge morale boost for Americans - it showed the nation could hold their own against britain - British and American troops poured into the Boston area. Americans killed over one thousand British soldiers and the British killed nearly four hundred. The Americans had to fled because they were nearly out of supplies. Not a glorified victory for the British |
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Shays rebellion |
-it backed the federalist mindset and showed a need for a stronger government. - it was caused by each state creating its own currency |
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French and Indian war |
-it devastated the economy to a point where Britain had to implement two taxes to help generate revenue. -two taxes were the stamp act and the sugar act -part of the seven years war in Europe. Britain and France fought for control over Ohio valley and Canada -Britain won and gained possession of Canada and India. -Spain was allied with France but ceeded Florida to Britain and got Louisiana in return -last anglo-french colonial war and the first in which began in NA. France lost |
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Stamp act/sugar act |
- caused by French and Indian wars -stamp(1765): imposed this measure to raise revenue in support of the new military force. It mandated the use of stamped paper or the affixing of stamps, certifying payment of the tax -sugar act(1764): first law passed by parliment that raised tax revenues in colonies for the crown. Increased duty on foreign sugar imported from west indies |
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Quartering act |
1765: measure requires that certain colonies provided food and housing to British troops |
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Townshen act 1767 |
Named after Charles Townshend the head of British ministry -persuaded the parliament to pass regulations with an import duty on glass, lead, paper, and paint and tea. - it was an indirect customs duty payable at american ports |
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Intolerable acts |
-parliament punished people of Massachusetts for their actions in Boston tea party -restricted colonists rights (like town meetings) |
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Hartford convention 1814-1815 |
-meeting of new england federalists held in Hartford Connecticut -these federalists opposed the war of 1812 and held the convention to discuss and seek redress by Washington for their complaints and wrongs that they felt had been done -example of growing sectionalism (Sectionalism is the disunity of states) |
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Albany plan of union |
During French and Indian war, franklin wrote this proposal for a unified gov which would operate under the authority of the British gov |
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Treaty of Paris 1763 |
Treaty between Britain France and Spain which ended the seven years war and French Indian war. -France lost Canada, land east of Mississippi, and India to Britain -gave new Orleans and land west of Mississippi to Spain for compensation for having to ceed Florida to britain |
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Election of 1800 |
-'Revolution of 1800">> term given to the election of 1800 by Thomas Jefferson; change in ruling party from elite Federalists to common democratic-republicans |
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Marbury V. Madison |
-Supreme Court Case ruled by John Marshall; -William Marbury sued for his commision as a judge because he had been promised a job by Adams but refused by Jefferson; ruling -Marshall claims that Supreme Court cannot rule on the case and ruled earlier Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional; - established judicial review |
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Judicial Review |
-established by the ruling of John Marshall in the case of Marbury v. Madison; -Supreme Court alone has power to determine constitutionality; strengthened/established the judiciary branch |
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Lewis and Clark |
led the Corps of Discovery in 1804 to explore the Louisiana Purchase; Lewis- Secretary to Thomas Jefferson; Clark- army officer |
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Impressment of American Sailers |
British would look for "deserters" (British people from the Navy who ran away onto American trade ships) but really this was just an excuse to raid American ships and accuse Americans of being "deserters" and put them in the British Navy; this hurt America's economy |
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Embargo Act |
-stopped the exports of American goods and prohibited American ships from leaving for foreign posts which ended trade with foreign countries for the purposeof forcing Britain and France to end the blockade; -although it hurt America's economy in short term, it benefited American's production of manufactured goods |
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Macons bill #2 |
re-opened trade with everyone except France and England until they dropped restrictions in which America would trade with the first of either of them that agreed and not the other |
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Battle of Tippecanoe |
Battle in which the Shawnee leader Tecumseh lost to William H. Harrison; made many Americans suspicious of British help and led to the invasion of Canada |
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War hawks |
-Young congressmen from southern and western states who urged the war with Britain - were led by Henry Clay and Felix Grundy - their fervor for the war influenced congress who is in charge of making decisions such as going to war |
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Treaty of Ghent |
- American and British diplomats met in Ghent, Belgium, where both sides began with extravagant demands, but the final treaty changed very little except end the fighting itself. - The Americans gave up their demands for the end of British impressments, and Canada, while the British abandoned their call for the creation of an Indian buffer state in the Northwest and made other, minor territorial concessions - the final treaty was signed Christmas Eve, 1814. - Ended the War of 1812 with Britain cofirming the sovereignty of the new nation |
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Adams onis treaty |
An agreement between the US and Spain. Spain ceded East Florida to the U.S and agreed to joint posession of Oregon. |
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Era of good feeling |
Period between 1815 and 1824, minimal political fighting, everyone seemed to agree with each other, good things happened to the US (mostly) |
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Battle if fallen timbers |
An attack made by American General "Mad Anthony Wayne" against invading Indians from the northwest. The defeat of the Indians ended the alliance made with the British and Indians |
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Kentucky and Virginia resolutions |
-put into practice in 1798 by Jefferson and James Madison. -These resolutions were secretly made to get the rights back taken away by the Alien and Sedition Acts. These laws took away freedom of speech and press guaranteed by the Bill of Rights. -These resolutions also brought about the later compact theory which gave the states more power than the federal government. |