Gmat Assignment 3

Front 1

Must Be questions

Back 1

Questions that require multiple plugging in attempts.

1st time: Use simple numbers

2nd time: Use ZONE-F

Try of to three times- if not working you aren't cluing in on the error.

Front 2

ZONE-F

Back 2

Zero
One
Negatives
Extremes
Fractions

Front 3

Must be true (Roman Numerals)

Back 3

Start with ZONE-F right away

Front 4

Roman Numerals - POE

Back 4

If given roman numeral must be true, eliminate all answers that do not include that numeral.

If given must be false, eliminate every answer that contains that numeral.

Front 5

Yes/No Data Sufficiency

Back 5

Key to Yes/No question is to find a definite answer--it doesn't matter if its a definite yes or a definite no.

In other words, consistency is the key.

Inconsistency is insufficiency.

Front 6

Sufficiency Rules: Yes "and" No

Back 6

Then it is NOT sufficient.

Front 7

Sufficiency Rules: Yes "or" NO

Back 7

Then it IS sufficient

Front 8

Yes/No Data Sufficiency Steps

Back 8

Stmnt 1: Try to plug in values that will answer the question both yes "and" no.

Front 9

Square-root notes

Back 9

√25 = 5

x^2 = 25 ---> x= +/-5

Front 10

Inequalities & number lines

Back 10

Sometimes use a number line to help with inequality questions.

Front 11

Probability: Series of events; "And"

Back 11

Multiply the probabilities of the individual events

Probability (A and B) =
Probability (A) X Probability (B)

Front 12

Probability: Individual events; "Or"

Back 12

Add the probabilities of the individual events.

Probability (A or B) =
Probability (A) + Probability (B) - Probability (A and B)

Front 13

Probability that X will NOT happen

Back 13

Probability (event happens) + Probability (event does NOT happen) = 1

Prob(X) 1 - Prob(Not X)

Front 14

Probability "At Least"

Back 14

Use Prob(NotX) Formula

Front 15

Special Rule about #2

Back 15

It is the only number with exactly two factors. 1 & 2

Front 16

The largest factor (divisor) of any number is...

Back 16

Itself

Front 17

Rule for Misplaced Modifiers

Back 17

A word or phrase that describes something should go right next to the thing it modifies.

Running down the street, I was hit by
a falling brick.

Front 18

Rule for Misplaced Modifiers II

Back 18

Introductory Phrases: (Look for phrase noun structure)

Rewrite the phrase so it describe the subject after the comma.

Change phrase to indep. clause. Since it has own subject, there will be
no confusion as to what its
describing.

Front 19

Relative Pronouns: Singular or Plural?

Back 19

Can be BOTH Singular and Plural

Front 20

Parallel Construction

Back 20

Parallel construction is required of items in a list or comparison.

Front 21

Parallel constructions lists

Back 21

Lists must be treated the same.

Front 22

Confusing lists

Back 22

Poor voter turnout was blamed on the unusually cold weather on election day, a general feeling of dissatisfaction with the candidates, and knowing that this was only a local election of little importance.

Front 23

Comparisons - "Apples to apples and oranges to orange"

Back 23

For comparisons to be valid, the two things being compared must be similar in type.

Usually compare "noun to noun" and "actions to actions"

Often uses a pronoun to correct these types of problems.

Front 24

Inversions

Back 24

Things antique

Antique things

Front 25

Few words not underlined?

Back 25

This is a huge clue.

Front 26

Coordinating Conjunctions

Back 26

Coordinating conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses.

FAN-BOYS

F = for
A = and
N = nor
B = but
O = or
Y = yet
S = so

Front 27

Coordinating con. vs. Subordinating con.

Back 27

A coordinating conjunction can join two main clauses that a writer wants to emphasize equally. The pattern for coordination looks like this:

main Clause + , + coordinating conjunction + main Clause.

Subordination, however, emphasizes the idea in the main clause more than the one in the subordinate clause. Generally, the patterns look like these:

main clause + Ø + subordinate clause.

Front 28

Subordinating Conjunction

Back 28

The subordinate conjunction has two jobs. First, it provides a necessary transition between the two ideas in the sentence. This transition will indicate a time, place, or cause and effect relationship.

The second job of the subordinate conjunction is to reduce the importance of one clause so that a reader understands which of the two ideas is more important. The more important idea belongs in the main clause, the less important in the clause introduced by a subordinate conjunction.

after
although
as
because
before
even if
even though
if
in order that once
provided that
rather than
since
so that
than
that
though
unless until
when
whenever
where
whereas
wherever
whether
while
why

Front 29

Coordinating Conjunction II

Back 29

and it; ,yet it; but it

I went to the store, and I went to the movies.

NOT

I went to the store, and to the movies.

Front 30

Arguments

Back 30

Three connections make up the arguments:

Conclusion and premises (stated)

Assumptions (unwritten)

Front 31

Are/is/are -ing

Back 31

Are in the present continuous.

Not necessarily happening at the time of speaking.

I'm reading an interesting book at the moment.

Front 32

Conclusion

Back 32

The main point or central claim of the argument.

Word indicators:

Therefore, clearly, hence, thus,
so, consequently, in conclusion.

Front 33

Premise

Back 33

After finding conclusion, identify premise- any reasons, statistics, or evidence- that provides support to conclusion.

Word indicators:

Since, because, as a result of, suppose.

Front 34

The Why Test

Back 34

Once you have found the conclusion, ask yourself why the author believes the conclusion to be true.

Always use the Why Test to separate the conclusion and premises.

Front 35

Finding the Gap

Back 35

Find the gap by determining what is mentioned in the conclusion that was not mentioned in the premises.

Then fill in the assumption.

Widen gap to weaken; close gap to strengthen.

Front 36

Assumption

Back 36

The unstated part of the argument that is required to connect the premises to the conclusion. It must be true.

Front 37

Common Flaws

Back 37

Causal flaws; Sampling & Statistical flaws; Analogy Flaws

Front 38

Causal flaws

Back 38

An argument's premise state that two things happened and the author concludes that one caused the other.

Front 39

Sampling & Statistical Flaws

Back 39

Arguments based on percentages, numbers,
or samples, the flaw usually related to the failure of the data to prove the conclusion.

Front 40

Analogy Flaws

Back 40

Arguments that use evidence about one things to reach a conclusion about another. They assume that two things are similar enough to sustain the comparison.

Front 41

Analyzing an Argument

Back 41

1. Find the conclusion and premise

2. Weed out the useless information

3. Find the gap & strengthen or weaken

Front 42

Ratios

Back 42

Describe part/part relationships

2 parts grape juice to 3 parts orange juice: Therefore 2:3 Not 2/3

Fraction of grape juice would be 2/5

Front 43

Ratio Box

Back 43

Ratio _ + _ = _

Multiply By * * *
= = =
Actual # _ + _ = _

Front 44

Proportion

Back 44

Two ratios that have been set equal to one another.

Key: Set one ration equal to another, making sure to keep units in the same place.

Front 45

Averages

Back 45

Arithmetic mean, mean.

Average = Total / Number of things

Front 46

Average Pie

Back 46

Total
----------------- divide
# of I Avrg.
things I
Multiply

Front 47

Rates

Back 47

Rate = Distance/Time

Rate = Amount of work/Time

Front 48

Rate Pie

Back 48

Work
----------------- divide
Time I Rate
I
Multiply

Front 49

Median

Back 49

The number in the middle after numbers have been arranged in ascending order.

If has even number, it is average of the two middle numbers.

Front 50

Mode

Back 50

The most frequently occurring number in the set.

Front 51

Range

Back 51

The difference between the highest and lowest numbers in the set.

Front 52

Normal Distribution

Back 52

A set of values that can be plotted along the bell curve.

Front 53

SD Mean

Back 53

Indicated by the line down the center of the curve.

Front 54

SD Variance

Back 54

The measurement of the spread of numbers in relations to the mean.

Think flat curve vs. high curve

Front 55

Standard Deviation

Back 55

A statistically derived specified distance from the mean.

Front 56

Percentages for normal distribution

Back 56

34:14:2 corresponds to the 1st, 2nd, & 3rd sd on each side of mean

2%, 16, 50, 84, 98

Front 57

DS - Integer Trap

Back 57

Don't assume numbers are integers unless the problem tells you so.

Front 58

DS - Variables Trap

Back 58

Don't assume you need to find values for all the variables in a problem, especially if the question contains an expression with more than one variable. Try manipulating or simplifying the expression before you read the statements.

Front 59

DS - Statements Trap

Back 59

Forget about Stmt (1) when you consider Stmt (2). Be sure to consider each stmt by itself. Combine the information the info in the two statements only if each stmt alone is insufficent and your'e down to (C) or (E).

Front 60

DS - Diagram Trap

Back 60

Don't assume a diagram looks a certain way unless the problem tells you so.