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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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___ to ___% of global burden of disease is attributed to environmental risk factors. |
25-33% |
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Children under _____ seem to bear the most burden of these environmental burden. |
5 years old |
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Measuring environmental change and their health impact is difficult to measure due to ________ |
long latency periods |
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Define environment in a health context |
The strict definition of environmental causes of disease would be all those that are not genetic, but is not sufficiently useful usually.
In terms of health... behavior, life-style factors, diet, alcohol, tobacco, war, crime, stress, social environment, abuse, racism, natural disasters can be included when thinking of environmental causes of disease. |
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The two most fundamental parameters affecting the degree to which a risk factor is defined to be environmental are... |
the non-independent choices of time period
and
environmental baseline
(so with these parameters, if enough time is measured, all diseases are environmental, even the genetic ones) |
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How is total DALYs calculated? |
Summing the years of lost life due to premature deaths plus the weighted years of disability due to particular disease or risk factor |
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Total global lost DALYs |
1379 million |
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Top 5 Global burden of death and diseases |
Acute resp. infections (ARI), diarrhea, perinatal conditions, Child cluster (measles, pertussis, polio, tetanus), Cancer |
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Top 3 - High income countries global burden of disease |
CVD, Resp CA and PNA, CVA -strokes |
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Top 3 - low income countries global burden of disease |
Acute resp infections (ARI), diarrhea, perinatal |
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Risks for ARI in children under five of developing countries |
Housing environment 75% Case Management 65% (finding affected children and treating) Nutrition 30% Pertussis, malaria, measles, AIDS 30% Vaccination 25% |
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What exactly is "attributable environmental risk?" |
percentage of a disease category that would be eliminated if environmental risk factors werer reduced to their lowest feasible values
this term takes into both the prevalence of the exposures and strengths of the risk
aka attributable risk percent |
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_____ is not a risk factor that can be calculated into attributable risks or risk factors |
Poverty.
Just the lack of money at the household level is an insufficient criterion because money on its own is not effective in most cases |
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Eradication of poverty will not simply be the primary way to improve health... why |
Improved health is a prerequisite for economic development |
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____% of ARIs affect children under 5 |
80% |
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Environmental risk factors to ARI |
air pollution, housing conditions, indoor air pollution, chilling, crowding |
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___% of diarrheal diseases affect young children |
86% |
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___% of total burden of disease due to environmental risks falls on children under 5... even though they're only 12% of the population |
43% |
