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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2,3-bisphosphoglycerate BPG is a ______ allosteric modulator for Hb
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negative
it decreases Hb affinity for O2 |
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2,3-BPG is a mechanism used to _______ more oxygen to muscle in times of need
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deliver
high altitude etc |
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RBC's make 2,3-BPG on a "detour" of the route of _______
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glycolysis
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1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted using ________ ______
to 2,3-BPG (rearrangement) |
bisphosphoglycerate mutase
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____ is a peptide thats secretion varies directly with blood glucose and acts to decrease BG
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insulin
BG ^ = insulin ^ |
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_____ is a peptide thats secretion varies indirectly with BG and acts to increase BG
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Glucagon
BG decrease = Glucagon ^ |
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______ is a quaternary amine that acts to increase GB by stimulating glycogen breakdown
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epinephrine EP
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EP binds to Beta receptors but under times of ______ it will also bind to alpha receptors
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saturation
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both EP and glucagon act via a _____ ______ system
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second messenger
G-protein --> activate adenylate cyclase ---> catalyzes cAMP --> stimulate glycogen degradation |
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cAMP produces a kinase ____ ______ cascade
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signal transduction
amplification of signal |
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cAMP activates oligomeric R2C2 protein _______ __ by dissociating the 2 subunits to R2
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kinase a
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Activated protein kinase A ________ (abyg)4 phosphorylase kinase A
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phosphorylates (activates)
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Phosphorylase kinase A (active) phosphorylates _______ phosphorylase A which breaks up glycogen into subunits
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glycogen
G1P subunits |
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during glycogenolysis, glycogen phosphorylase A phosphorylyzes off ____ linked glucose molecules at the reducing end of the main chain
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alpha 1-4
releases G1P subunits |
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Glycogen debranching enzyme transfers a _____ from the limit branch to the nonreducing end of the truck
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trisaccharide
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debranching enzyme also ____ the alpha 1-6 bond linking the glucose branch to the trunk
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hydrolyzes
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Phosphoglucomutase catalyzes the converstion of G1P to ___ where glucose-6-phosphates hydrolyze it to glucose
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G6P
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under prolonged stress, EP will bind to alpha adrenergic recptors which act by a ___ second messenger
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Ca +2
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Ca +2 acts as a ______ allosteric modulator for phosphorylase kinase
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positive
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muscle cells only have _ ______ receptors and cannot utilize ______
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B adrenergic
glucagon |
