Gly 1002 Rocks And Minerals

Front 1

What are the 5 most common elements in Earth's crust?

Back 1

Oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, and calcium

Front 2

What are the 5 most common minerals?

Back 2

Feldspar, quartz, ferromagnesians, clay, calcite

Front 3

What is glass?

Back 3

Molten silicated cooled as fast as possible; has no crystals, therefore is a "solidified liquid"

Front 4

What causes color in minerals?

Back 4

Impurities

Front 5

Account for gems

Back 5

Good color + good form

Front 6

What is a mineral?

Back 6

a natural, definite, inorganic, crystalline substance in a rock

Front 7

What are the 3 most valuable minerals?

Back 7

Gold, diamond, and silicates

Front 8

What is an ore?

Back 8

useful metallic material that can profit

Front 9

Characterize igneous rock

Back 9

rough, ragged, hard, resistant, silicate-based, cooled over time, tend to dark, result of volcanic activity

Front 10

Intrusive

Back 10

inside earth

Front 11

Extrusive

Back 11

Outside Earth

Front 12

How does the rate of cooling affect crystal size

Back 12

Faster cooling, smaller crystals

Front 13

How is igneous activity related to tectonics?

Back 13

They are typically found at plate boundaries due to volcanic activity

Front 14

Describe granite

Back 14

cools slowly, coarse-grained, intrusive, phanertitic, felsic

Front 15

Describe rhyolite

Back 15

cool fast, fine-grained, extrusive, aphanitic, felsic

Front 16

Describe obsidian

Back 16

Cools ASAP, glassy, extrusive, felsic

Front 17

Describe pumice

Back 17

cools ASAP, extrusive, felsic

Front 18

Describe diorite

Back 18

cool slowly, coarse-grained, instrusive, phaneritic, intermediate, salt and pepper

Front 19

Describe gabbro

Back 19

cool slowly, coarse grained, intrusive, phaneritic, mafic

Front 20

Describe basalt

Back 20

cool fast, fine-grained, extrusive, aphanitic, mafic

Front 21

Which igneous rock is most common?

Back 21

Basalt

Front 22

Characterize sedimentary rock

Back 22

smooth, round, result of erosion, in layers or beds

Front 23

Describe the detrital type of sedimentary rock

Back 23

bits and pieces of rocks recombine

Front 24

Describe the chemical type of sedimentary rock

Back 24

material that comes out of a solution

Front 25

What is lithification

Back 25

the process by which sediments are turned into hard rock

Front 26

Describe conglomerate

Back 26

stone, gravel, pebbles

Front 27

Describe sandstone

Back 27

sand grains

Front 28

Describe shale

Back 28

mud, silt, clay

Front 29

Describe limestone

Back 29

Florida's most common rock type

Front 30

Describe dolomite

Back 30

limestone + magnesium; light yellow

Front 31

Describe coquina

Back 31

seashell fragments

Front 32

Describe chalk

Back 32

shells of one-celled animals

Front 33

Describe chert

Back 33

silicate-based; hard

Front 34

Describe coal

Back 34

decayed organic matter without oxygen

Front 35

Describe coral

Back 35

colonies of carbonate-secreting animals

Front 36

Which sedimentary rock is most common?

Back 36

Shale

Front 37

Characterize metamorphic rock

Back 37

transformed from pre-existing rock by heat, pressure, or change in composition

Front 38

How does heat cause metamorphic rocks to form?

Back 38

Heat causes renewed growth

Front 39

What is foliation

Back 39

extreme pressure in one directrion creates long needles or plates at right angles to pressure

Front 40

What is regional metamorphism?

Back 40

On a large scale; plate tectonics

Front 41

Describe gneiss

Back 41

foliated granite

Front 42

Describe slate

Back 42

foliated shale

Front 43

Describe schist

Back 43

foliated shale + heat

Front 44

Describe marble

Back 44

unfoliated limestone

Front 45

Describe quartzite

Back 45

unfoliated sandstone