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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sacrospinous Ligament
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-Sacrum/coccyx to ishial spine
-Converts the greater sciatic notch into a greater sciatic forament |
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Sacrotuberous Ligament
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-Sacrum/coccyx to ischial tuberosity
-Converts lesser sciatic notch into a lesser sciatic foramen -Obturator membrane and canal -Obturator foramen |
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Femoral N.
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-Anterior compartment
-Flexes thigh and extends leg -Runs under inguinal ligament into femoral triangle |
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Sciatic N.
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-Posterior compartment
-Extends thigh and flexes leg -Greater sciatic foramen |
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What compartment does the sciatic n. run in?
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Posterior compartment
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What compartment does the femoral n. run in?
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Anterior compartment
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Obturator N.
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-Medical compartment thigh
-Thigh adductors -Obturator n. through the obturator foramen -Accompanied by obturator a.(branch internal iliac a.) |
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What are the three nerves of the thigh
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Femoral N
Sciatic N Obturator N |
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Sacral plexus
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-Sciatic nerve that innervates posterior thigh m. and all muscles below the knee
-Exits via the greater sciatic foramen |
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What nerves does the Sciatic nerve form?
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-Tibial N.
-Common fibular N. |
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What are the branches of the Sacral plexus?
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Innervates
-gluteal m. -superior gluteal n. -inferior gluteal n. -branches to piriformis m. -posterior cutaneous n. of the thigh -n. to small external rotator m. pudendal n. |
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What 3 groups do the thigh muscles divide into?
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-Anterior group
-Medial or adductor group -Posterior group = hamstrings |
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Anterior group
(Thigh muscles) |
-Flexion of hip and extension of knee
-Femoral n. |
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Medial or adductor group
(thigh muscles) |
-Adduction and flexion of thigh
-Obturator n. |
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Posterior group = hamstring
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-Extension at hip
-Flexion at knee -Sciatic n. |
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What is the thigh m. deep fascia?
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Fascia lata
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The lateral side thigh becomes known as what tract
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Iliotibial tract
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Inguinal ligament
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-Lower edge aponeurosis of abdominal m.
-Marks boundary between abdomen and thigh -Runs between the ilium and pubis |
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Tnsor fascia latae m.
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origin: anterior iliac crest ASIS
insertion: iliotibial tract innervation: superior gluteal n. action: flex & abduct thigh, medial rotation thigh |
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Gluteus maximus m.
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origin: dorsal ilium, sacrum & coccyx
insertion: iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity femur innervations: inferior gluteal n. Action: extends thigh (major function), lateral rotation thigh, abduct thigh |
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Gluteus medius m.
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origin: upper ilium
insertion: greater trochanter femur innervation: superior gluteal n. action: abducts & medial rotation thigh, stabilizes pelvis with gait. |
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Gluteus minimus m.
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origin:outer aspect ileum
insertion:greater trochanter femur innervation: superior gluteal n. action: abducts & medial rotation thigh |
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Piriformis m.
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origin: sacrum
insertion: greater trochanter femur innervation: S1 & S2 action :laterally rotates thigh |
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Quadratus femoris m.
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origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: intertrochanteric crest innervation: n. quadratus femoris m. action: lateral rotation thigh |
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Obturator internus m.
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origin: obturator membrane & bone around it on internal surface
insertion: medial surface greater tochanter innervation: n. to obturator internus action :laterally rotates thigh, abduction if thigh flexed |
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Superior gemellus m.
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origin: ischial spine
insertion: obturator internus tendon innervation: n. to obturator internus action :laterally rotates thigh, abduction if thigh flexed |
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Inferior gemellus m.
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origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: obturator internus tendon innervation: n. quadratus femoris m. action :laterally rotates thigh, abduction if thigh flexed |
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What does the Superior gluteal n. and blood vessels supply?
(via greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis m.) |
-Supply both gluteus medius and minimus m.
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Inferior gluteal n. and blood vessels (via greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis m.
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-Supply gluteal maximus m.
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Gluteal and posterior thigh nerves:
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Sacral-coccygeal plexuses
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Sacral-coccygeal plexuses
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-Sciatic nerve - - innervates posterior thigh m. & all muscles below the knee
- form tibial n. & common fibular n. -Branches innervate gluteal m. - superior gluteal n. - inferior gluteal n. - n. to periformis m. - posterior cutaneous n. of thigh - n. to Quadratus femoris & Inferior gemellus - n. Obturator internus m. & Superior gemellus m. |
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Piriformis syndrome:
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Pain in buttocks especially when sitting
Possible cause of sciatica Irritation sciatic n. at piriformis m. can compress sciatic nerve between ischium & greater trochanter if tight |
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Semitendinosus m.
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origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: medial proximal tibia at pes anserinus innervation: tibial part sciatic n. action: extends thigh, flexes knee, medially rotates leg |
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Semimembranosus m.
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origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: medial condyle tibia innervation: tibial part sciatic n. action: extends thigh, flexes knee, medially rotates leg |
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Biceps femoris m.
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origin:long head - ischial tuberosity
short head - linea aspera & lateral intermuscular septum insertion:head fibula innervation: long head- tibial part sciatic n.; short head- common fibular part sciatic n. action: extends thigh, flexes knee, laterally rotates leg |
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What are the vessels of the posterior thigh?
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-No vessels specifically responsible for posterior compartment
-perforating branches of the deep artery of the thigh is the profunda femoris a. -chain of longitudinal anastomoses also supply hip joint and knee joint |
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Iliofemoral ligament
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-maintains erect posture without muscle action
-prevents overextension |
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Pubofemoral ligament
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-prevents over abduction of femur
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Ischiofemoral ligament
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-prevents over extension
-spiral of the ligament decreases with flexion and is increased with extension |
