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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is type 1 diabetes mellitus?
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IDDM
insulin dependent absolute insulin deficiency seen more commonly in dogs |
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What is type 2 diabetes mellitus?
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Non insulin dependent
insulin deficiency/resistance see more commonly in cats |
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What are treatment strategies for Diabetes Mellitus?
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dietary management
exercise management oral hypoglycemics insulin |
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How do you manage diet in dogs with DM?
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high fiber, high fat, complex carbs
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How do you manage diet in cats with DM?
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High protein
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What part of the pancreas makes insulin?
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the beta cells of the islets of langerhans from the endocrine pancreas
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What cells of the pancreas produce somatostatin?
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delta cells
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What cells of the pancrease produce glucagon?
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alpha cells
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What five things stimulate the secretion of insulin?
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increase in blood glucose
GI hormones glucagon Ach catecholamines |
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What stimulates a decrease in insulin secretion?
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somatostatin
decrease blood glucose concentration |
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What is the glucose transporter regulated by and what is the exception to this rule?
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insulin receptor
neurons are the exception |
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What element is necessary for insulin to be activated in prepared insulin?
What is the veterinary dosage? Human? |
Zinc
40 IU/ml 100 IU/ml |
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What are the three short acting insulins?
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Lispro, aspart, glulisine
15-60 min DOA 1-10 hr IV, IM, SC, not orally acid of stomach will destroy aminoacids |
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What are the two intermediate acting insulins?
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Isophane, lente
0.5-3 hrs onset 4-24 hrs duration Given SC |
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What are the three long acting insulins?
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Ultra lente, glargine, detemir
4-6 hrs onset 24 hrs duration Given SC |
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What does increased glycogenolosis and decreased utilization of glucose interpreted as?
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hyperglycemia
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What glucose level should be maintained in patients with Diabetes Mellitus?
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mild hyperglycemia within a 24 hour period
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What is a sign of insulin resistance?
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Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia within a 24 hr period
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How should you treat diabetic ketoacidosis?
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Soluble insulin, correct acid/base balance
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How do you treat diabetic coma? What is the length of action for this drug?
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Lots of fluids and isophane when patient is stabilized
Intermediate acting .5-3 hour onset with 4-24 duration |
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How can you treat an animal with insulin overdose at home?
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Give sugar syrup, food after stable
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How do you treat an animal with insulin overdose at the clinic?
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50% dextrose IV
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What is the major side effect of insulin?
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hypoglycemia
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What is the main sulphonylureas oral hypoglycemic?
How does it increase the release of insulin? |
Glipizide
Blocking ATP-potassium channels in beta cells |
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What is the main biguanides oral hypoglycemic?
What is the MOA? Does it effect insulin secretion? |
Metformin
Unknown No |
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What is the main thiazolidinedion oral hypoglycemic?
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Rosiglitazone
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What type of diabetes are the oral hypoglycemics used for?
What animal is this mainly used in? What is the main side effect? |
Non-insulin dependent diabetes (type II)
Cats ~25% Hypoglycemia |
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What is acarbose used for?
What is the Mechanism of action? |
Reduces postprandial hyperglycemia after a carb meal
Inhibits absorption of nutrients |
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Which cells produce glucagon?
What are the three functions of glucagon? |
Alpha cells of Langerhan cells
1) Glycogenolysis 2) Gluconeogenesis 3) Lipolysis |
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What is the main trigger for the release of glucagon?
What is it used to treat? |
Low blood glucose concentration, also low protein intake
Insulin induced hypoglycemia |
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Where is somatostatin secreted from?
What are the three things it inhibits? |
Delta cells in Langerhan cells
Insulin, glucagon, growth hormone |
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What is used to treat insulin secreting tumors?
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Diazoxide
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