Glomerular Diseases

Front 1

Pathogenesis of Nephrotic Syndrome

Back 1

increased basement membrane permeability (loss of negative charge on GBM)

Front 2

Clinical Manifestations of Nephrotic Syndrome

Back 2

Proteinuria, Hypoalbunemia, Generalized edema, Hiperlipidemia

Front 3

Disorders manifest by nephrotic syndrome

Back 3

Minimal Change disease (lipoid nephrosis), Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, Membranous glomerulonephritis, Diabetic nephropathy, renal amyloidosis, lupus nephropathy

Front 4

Clinical Manifestations of Nephritic Syndrome

Back 4

Oliguria, Azotemia, Hypertension, Hematuria (red cell casts)

Front 5

Disorders manifest by nephritic syndrome

Back 5

Poststrep GN, Rapidly progressive (crescentic) GN, Goodpasture Disease, Alport Syndrome

Front 6

Minimal Change Disease (lipoid nephrosis)

Back 6

most common cause of NEPHROTIC syn in children (ages 2-6). normal appearing glomeruli by light microscopy. fusing of epithelial foot processes on EM.

Front 7

Treatment in Minimal Change Disease?

Back 7

Steriods (thought to be immune related). Usually responsive.

Front 8

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Back 8

nephrotic syndrome with sclerotic capillary tufts.
Focal (involves only some golmeruli), segmental (involves on part of the glomerulus).

Front 9

What is sclerosis?

Back 9

involves collapse of basement membranes, increased matrix and deposition of hyaline.

Front 10

Membranous Glomerulonephrits

Back 10

most common cause of nephrotic syn in adults. immune complex disease of unknown etiology. THICKENED CAPILLARY WALLS, subepithelial immune complexes-- spike and dome, and granular immunoflouresence of IgG or C3.

Front 11

Diabetic nephropathy

Back 11

nephrotic syn. increase in gbm thickness. increase in mesangial matrix. diffuse glomerulosclerosis or nodular glomerulosclerosis with Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules (accumulations of mesangial matrix material)

Front 12

What is the etiology of diabetic nephropathy?

Back 12

1) advanced glycosylation end products. 2) Increased GFR induced hypertrophy (fewer vessels = more load for each glomerulus).

Front 13

Renal amyloidosis

Back 13

nephrotic syndrome. subendothelial and mesangial amyloid deposits. stain with congo red. associated with chronic inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis or plasma cell disorders-- multiple myeloma).

Front 14

Lupus nephropathy

Back 14

nephrotic syndrome (sometimes has nephritic features-- hematuria). subendothelial immune complex deposition. Five forms.

Front 15

Poststrep GN

Back 15

nephritic syn. subepithelial electron dense humps, lumpy bumpy immunofluorescence.

Front 16

what is the cause of Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Back 16

group A beta-hemolytic strep, immune complex disease with antigen of antigen-antibody complexes of streptococcal origin

Front 17

morphology of glomeruli in Acute Post Strep GN

Back 17

enlarged hypercellular, swollen, bloodless with proliferation of mesangial and endothelial cells. electron-dense HUMPS on epithelial side of BM (subepithelial)

Front 18

Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis

Back 18

nephritic syn. crescents, ANCA-negative forms with immune complexes or anti-GBM antibodies. ANCA-postive (pauci-immune) form with wegener granulomatosis

Front 19

goodpasture syndrome

Back 19

nephritic syn.
linear immunofluorescence, split BM

Front 20

alport syndrome

Back 20

nephritic syn.
split BM.

Front 21

proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia

Back 21

Nephrotic Syndrome

Front 22

fusing epithelial foot processes

Back 22

Minimal Change disease-- nephrotic syndrome

Front 23

most common cause of nephrotic syn in adults

Back 23

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Front 24

most common cause of nephrotic syn in kids

Back 24

Minimal Change Disease (lipoid nephrosis)

Front 25

characterized by thickened capillary walls on LM, thickening of BM on EM, immune complexes in subepithel locations,

Back 25

Membranous Glomerulonephrosis

Front 26

spike and dome, granular IgG or C3

Back 26

Membranous Glomerulonephrosis

Front 27

Increase in messangial matrix resulting in diffuse, nodular glomerulosclerosis

Back 27

Diabetic Nephropathy-- nephrotic syn

Front 28

congo red stained subendothelial and mesangial deposits

Back 28

renal amyloidosis

Front 29

Oliguria, azotemia, hypertension, hematuria

Back 29

nephritic syndrome

Front 30

enlarged hypercellular, swollen, bloodless glomeruli

Back 30

Poststrep GN-- nephritic syn

Front 31

nephritic syndrome progressing rapidly to renal failure, crescents of fibrin in Bowman space

Back 31

Rapidly Progressive GN, post strep in 50% of cases

Front 32

antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies with linear immunofluorescence of IgG

Back 32

Goodpasture Syndrome-- w/ hemoptysis

Front 33

hereditary nephritis (with irregular glomerular BM thickening with foci of splitting of lamina densa) associated with nerve deafness and ocular disorders (lens dislocation and cataracts)

Back 33

alport syndrome-- mutation in gene for type four collagen

Front 34

Deposition of IgA in mesangium-- activate alternative complement pathway, recurrent hematuria

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IgA nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Front 35

tram track

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Membranoproliferative GN

Front 36

Membranoproliferative GN

Back 36

characterized by slow progression to chronic renal disease, alterations in BM, prolif of glomerular cells and leukocyte infiltration, type 1 is an immune complex nephritis assoc with unknown antigen and tram-track appearance, type 2 has tram track appearance as well, but is characterized by irregular electron dense material dposited w/i the glom basement membrane,