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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Malaria caused, spread by, risk, Cost, Addressing, tx with
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-Caused by "plasmodium" parasite
-spread by bite of female mosquito -risk depends on feeding habits, climate, time of year -family level cost substantial (up to 5x per year illness0 -loss of work -economical buden: deters tourism, dvlpmt, business, trade, Address: no cure! - prompt tx of infected -long lasting insecticide intermitten prevent. therapy for pregannt women -indoor residual spraying -tx with chloroquine and artesmisnin |
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Diarrhea: caused by, transmitted, risk factors, adddressing
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caused by bacteria, viruses, and/or parasites
-transmitted fecal-oral or contaminated H20 -risk factors: poverty (crowding, lack of safe H20 and sanitation, cohabitation with animals, poor hygiene) -address: improved H20 and sanitation -incerased rota virus vaccination -exclusive breastfeeing and conplementary feeding after 6 months -measles immunizaation |
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HIV/AIDS: Burden, transmission, costs, address
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no cure
-transmitted through needles mostly, then male to female interocurse, increased in anal sex -cost: affect family cohesion, stigma assoc., increased cost of healthcare (opportunistic infection) and tx -orphaned children address: increase access to tx -prevention strategies (condoms, circumcision, education) -open communication about HIV, reduce Stigma, increase screening and tx |
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Factors contributing to emerg/re-emerg dx
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climate
-changing ecosystems -international travel -human susc to infection -poverty -war and famine human demographics and behaviour |
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Kwashiorkor vs Marasmus
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KWO: change in hair color and texture
-lg belly -lethargy -irritability -edema -rash Tx: slowly introduce calories then increase protein Marasmus: severe form of malnutrition -irritability 0loss of subq fat -sunken eyes tx: NG feed, keep warm, isoate from other with infection |
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are you going to pass>
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YES
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WHO definition of malnutrition
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the cellular imbalance between supply of nutrients and energy and the bodys demand for them to ensure growth, maintenance, and specific function
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causes of malnutrition
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-inadequate access to food
-inadequte healthcare access and unhealthful environment -illness preventing nutrition -access to land to grow food -low education of parents -inadequate care of women and children |
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Health System Building Blocks
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Service delivery
Healthcare workforce Financing Information Medical products, technologies Leadership/governance -improved health and efficiency -responsiveness -increase risk protection of social and financials |
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Gross Domestic Product
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total market value of all goods and services
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Role of Health systems
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provide prevention strategies
agencies (plan, fund, regulate healthcare services) Provide clinical services provide specialist input allocation of funds |
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Improve Health systems
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Increase audits of H.S
Anti-corruption programs more shared global responsibility increase quality (better training/supervision) provide basic primary care insurance to all political leadership sustainability |
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cooperating to improve global health
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numerous actors advocate
share knowledge and set global standards for health activities surveillance of disease cooperation assists funding in poorer countries |
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WHO
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World Health Organization:
1948 responsible for health -aim for attainment of highest level of health -advocacy and consensus building -generating and sharing health info across countries -governed by World Health Assembly |
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UNICEF
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United Nations Childrens Fund
-1946 -to enhance well-being of children -promotion of family-planing, antenatal care, and safe motherhood practices -immunizations and child survival -Works with WHO and World Bank -Primary education |
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Multilateral Dvlp Bank
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lend or grant money to developing countries
-World Bank is largest one |
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Most common Neglected Tropical Disease
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Roundworm
Hookworm Onchocerciasis (river blindness) Leprosy Dracunculiasis Trachoma Trichuriasis Chagas |
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Schistomiasis
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most deadly NTD
caused by liver fluke -excreted in feces/urine -flukes infect freshwater snails -humans swim with snails and flukes can penetrate them |
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Trachoma
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caused by bacteria discharged through eye
-infection spread through touch/flies spreading discharge |
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Onchercerciasis
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-river blindness
-black infected fly carries larvae from person to person through biting the skin -females lay millions of larvae and they turn into worms |
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Addressing NTD's
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Increase availability of rapid-impact packaging
WHO program (SAFE) surgery, antibiotics, face washing, and environment- to decrease trachoma Global network for NTD's delivers tx and dvps more effective control of nTDS Increase conditions leading to NTD;s (improve sanitation and H20) Increase surveillance of NTDS |
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Vit A
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found in yellow and orange fruits and green leafy veggies
if deficient leads to Xeropthalmia (night blindness--can lead to permanent blindness necessary for immune fucntion and growth in children |
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iodine
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found in plants with iodine in soil, seafood
deficiency leads to goiter (growth of thyroid) leads to fetal loss, stillbirth, congenital abnormalities -most common form of preventable illness |
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Iron
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found in fish, meat, poultry
- anemia-weakness and fatigue -risk of low birth wt baby and hemmorhage poor mental dvlpt and reduced immunity |
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Zinc
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red an white meat, and shellfish
deficiency causes growth retardation, impaired immunity, hypogonadism increased infection risk |
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complex emergency what occurs
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displacement of people migration
-create refugees impacts availability of food, water, shelther -greater impact than natural diasasters often prevent humanitarian aid from interfering combatans often target civilians and abuse human rights often intentionally destroy health facilities migration of ppl poses threat of disease, emerging and re emerging |
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Health effects of CHE;s
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illness, diasbility, and death result indirectly from these emergencies
-causes of death: diarrheal, cholera, malnutrition, increased risk infection -violence against women: "survival sex" |
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Addressing Natural Disasters
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disease surveillance amongst affected populations
diasaster preparedness: identify vulnerabilities, dvlp scnarios, train first responders, cost-efective methods of assistance from outside countries |
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Addressing CHE;s
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difficult to prevent/predict
dvlp contingency plans for areas of conflict avoid epidemic diseases address worst health threats provide security in camps for women need for adquate shelter, food, H2o sanitation, in camps -establish disease surveillance |
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Phases of disaster
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Mitigation: lessen impact of disaster before it strikes
-prevention and risk reduction, ie. immunzations, public education Preparedness: activities undertaken tohandle disaster when it strikes -know evacuation shelters, emergency communciation, prevention of disease spread Response: search and rescue, clearing debris, feeding and shelter victims Recovery: Getting community back to its pre-disaster status, restore minimum services, debris removal, care and shelter, damage assmnts, funding assistance. |
