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201 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
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Culture
People’s unique way of life shown by its tools, customs, arts and ideas
vocabulary
Culture
People’s unique way of life shown by its tools, customs, arts and ideas
vocabulary
Cultural Diffusion
the spreading of cultures
vocabulary
cultural diversity
different cultures living together
vocabulary
Cultural Diffusion
the spreading of cultures
vocabulary
ethnocentrism
a belief that ones country is superior
vocabulary
cultural diversity
different cultures living together
vocabulary
polygamy
having more then one wife
vocabulary
ethnocentrism
a belief that ones country is superior
vocabulary
interdependence
mutually dependent
vocabulary
polygamy
having more then one wife
vocabulary
capitalism
an economic system based on private ownership and the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit
vocabulary
interdependence
mutually dependent
vocabulary
communism
an economic system in which all means o
f
production- land, mine, factories, railroads, and businesses- are owned by the people, private property does not exist and all goods and services are shared equally
vocabulary
capitalism
an economic system based on private ownership and the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit
vocabulary
democracy
a government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representative
vocabulary
communism
an economic system in which all means o
f
production- land, mine, factories, railroads, and businesses- are owned by the people, private property does not exist and all goods and services are shared equally
vocabulary
totalitarianism
government control over every aspect of public and private life
vocabulary
democracy
a government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representative
vocabulary
dissident
disagreeing
vocabulary
totalitarianism
government control over every aspect of public and private life
vocabulary
nationalism
the belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation- that is to the people with whom they share a culture and history- rather then to a king or an empire.
vocabulary
dissident
disagreeing
vocabulary
self-determination
The freedom of a people to decide under what form of government they wish to live
vocabulary
nationalism
the belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation- that is to the people with whom they share a culture and history- rather then to a king or an empire.
vocabulary
imperialism
a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially
vocabulary
self-determination
The freedom of a people to decide under what form of government they wish to live
vocabulary
colonialism
becoming colonized
vocabulary
imperialism
a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially
vocabulary
colonialism
becoming colonized
vocabulary
mercantilism
an economic policy under which nations sought to increase there nations wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought.
vocabulary
social mobility
the ability of individuals or groups to move within a social hierarchy with changes in income, education, occupation
vocabulary
patriarchal
male dominant
vocabulary
matriarchal
women dominant
vocabulary
monotheistic
a belief in a single god
vocabulary
import
To have foreign goods shipped to your country
vocabulary
export
To ship goods to other countries
vocabulary
tariff
Any table of charges
vocabulary
life expectancy rate
the average age a gender/race will live
vocabulary
infant morality rate
the death rate during the first year of life
vocabulary
illiteracy rate
the amount of people that can read
vocabulary
agrarian
social and political philosophy which stresses the viewpoint that the cultivation of plants, or farming leads to a fuller and happier life
vocabulary
industrialized
The develop of industries for the machine production of goods.
vocabulary
“developing nation” (third world):
a nation in the process of industrializing.
vocabulary
subsistence economy
An economy in which a group attempts to produce no more output per period then they must consume in that period in order to survive but do not attempt to accumulate wealth or to transfer productivity from one period to the next
vocabulary
“shrinking world”/globalization
to extend to other or all parts of the globe; make worldwide: efforts to globalize the auto industry.
vocabulary
secular
When government is separated from religion
vocabulary
Where did the Tang expand to
northern lands that china lost
tang trade
Abbasids, silk road
-who
-how
tang type of government and how
-bureaucracy
-restored the civil service exam
tang religion
confucianism
tang decline and who came next
taxes for military expanison
song
Tang years
618-907 A.D
song years
960-1279
why did the song retreat south
the manchurians came from the north
what empire divided china into different systems?
song
the song in general were
prosperous
greatest sea power
good economics or bad?
what shows there power?
QING year
1644
during the QING they became
isolated
trade in QING
had to follow certain rules
only the dutch agreed to follow
britain wanted to trade with china but refused to go by their rules
QING in government
let Manchurian people hold goverment too
QING advances
medical, science, and math
Japan Climate
-mild
-mountainous- only 15% suitable for farming
-natural resources in short supply
-earthquake and volcano erruptions
Japanese early religion
shintoism- te way of the g-ds
-spirits inhabits physical objects
-respect for nature and worship of ancestors
-no complex rituals or philosophies
Selective borrowing
borrowing only what you want
ex) japan borrowed art and writing from china
vocabulary with example
Tokugawa
a dynasty of shoguns that ruled a unified Japan 1603-1867
Hein years
794-1185
Japans golden age
Hein
Lady Murasaki
wrote the tale of Gengi
-worlds first novel
- overnight success
Hein goverment
strong central government (later declined)
Sammari
fight for lord
like european nights
vocabulary
Decline of the Hein
court families grew only interested in luxury rather than government
Kublai Khan invaded and won
court families
who came in
Caste system
shogun
daimyo
Sammari
vocabulary
Sammari followed
the code bushido
code
Egypt decline of what dynasty
mamelukes
Safavids location
persia
Safavids religion
persecuted by
shias
ottoman sunni
Safavids power
powerful army
seized iran
expanded empire to the caucasus mountains
power
seized
expanded to
Safavids important leader
did
punished
Sha abbas
take the best from both worlds
rebuilt city of isfahan
had 2 army forces
punished: severely
Safavids in-between
ottomans and uzbek
Safavids important item
Persian carpets
Abbasid years
750- 1258 muslim golden age
Baghdad
Abbasid moved capital there
scholars at house of wisdom
- put slabs of meat around Baghdad and learned where the cleanest air was for hospitals.
Women status
inferior to men, but better status then women in europe
damascus
center of learning
Abbasid decline
persian armies put an end to caliph
lost territories overtime
who did it
Abbasid geopolitics
mediterranean sea and indian ocean
Abbasid government
strong bureaucracy
type
Abbasid trade
flourished
mamelukes
turkish military slaves
MALI founder and location and great leader another important leader
Mande
Ghana
sundiata
mansa musa
MALI built because of
gold and salt
Mali achievements
administrators in for finance, military, and defense
trading cities
built army
MALI goverment
central goverment
type
MALI schooling systems and read using
mos que qu'ran
places in MALI empire
timbuktu and Gao
Songhai river
Niger
Songhai captured
timbuktu
Songhai government
central
type
Ghana items
salt and gold
ghana trade routes
great
Swahili language
speaking people migrated across central Africa to the east coast where they established farming and fishing
Swahili people used
monsoons to sail across the Indian Ocean to East Africa
Portuguese sailed where and why
coast of Africa to get to the Swahili Coast because the Mediterranean Sea was under strict control of the Ottoman Empire
asian spices, but found them in east african city states
Great Zimbabwe land
fertile, well watered plateau
Great Zimbabwe good for
farming
Great Zimbabwe trade root
bear trade root- linking gold fields to the costal trading fields of Sofala- gained control and then taxed roots.
Mayans location
Mexico
Mayan Tikal
great mayan city had spectacular pyramid, Pyramid IV, which rose 212 ft
Mayan agriculture
slash and burn
Mayan religion
polytheistic
Mayan wrote
using codex
Mayan decline
warfare between city states --> overpopulation and famine
Aztecs location
valley of Mexico
Tenochitlan
Starting place Aztec
Incas location
Chile on the Andes mountain range
Cuzco and composed of
capital of the Incan Empire
temples, plazas, and palaces all roads in the empire led here
Mongols location/climate
Asian Steppes
little rain
Pastoralist
Herders of domesticated animals who travel to feed their animals
in the Mongols
Mongols conquered land from
china to parts of europe
Mongols were
nomads
skilled riders
rutheless
brilliant organizer
strategic
cruel tatics
Ghenis Khan
first mongol leader
unified clans
used islamic religion
brilliant organizer
strategic
Khublai Kahn
-Ghenis Kahn’s great grandson, Confucian, adopts Chinese ways in government
-founded the Yuan Dynasty
-united china for the 1st time in 300 years, helped china open up greater foreign trade to Indians and Persians
-built new capital, conquered china, tried to conquer Japan, but there technology was too inferior, so they lost, restored the grand canal, encouraged foreign trade, used the silk road, didn’t let Chinese in the government
-after his death they declined
Ming Dyanasty keader
-Zheng He- traveled long voyages through southeast Asia, Africa and India and everywhere he went he distributed gifts for signs of superiority-the Chinese believed they were a waste and withdrew after 7 voyages into isolation
Ming why isolated
self sufficien
Ming trade
porcelain and silk
gov regulated trade
Ming military
to protect against mongols
Ming for protection
Great Wall
Mughals important leader
Akbar
tolerant, culturl blending, used cannons, united indias
Mughal
golden age of india
Mughal goverment
bureaucracy
type
Ibn battuta
Ibn Battuta traveled further and visited more countries than other person in the medieval times. . His final journey took him to Mali, a Muslim empire in West Africa
Ottomans geopolotics
mediterranean
later found oil in persia and arabia
largest empire (one of)
Ottomans military
and used
stong
gun powder
Ottoman Leader
Suleiman
devershine system
tolerant and unified
janissaries
devershrine system
trained boys to become soldiers
jannissaries
slaves
ottoman decline
unified
-DECLINE—Son took over and he wasn’t suitable, all of Suleiman successors were weak
-Got into trouble after going into war
-Corruption and theft
-Geopolitics, others wanted the oil in the Mediterranean sea trade so the Russians attacked them for it
strait of malacca
traded through it
Commercial Revolution:
The culmination of new wealth through colonization and trade during the 16th and 17th centuries.
vocabulary
Capitalism
: An economic system based on private ownership and the investment of wealth for profit.
vocabulary
Joint-Stock Company
A company owned by a number of people pooling their wealth for a common purpose. Each individual pays a certain share and profits are split accordingly.
vocabulary
Mercantilism
Theory that a country’s power depended mainly on its wealth. A nation could increase wealth by obtaining as much gold and silver as possible or establish a favorable balance of trade.
vocabulary
Favorable Balance of Trade
Trade where a country exports more goods than it imports.
vocabulary
Conquistadors
took over Native Americans for gold, able to because of advanced technologies
vocabulary
Conquistadors
took over Native Americans for gold, able to because of advanced technologies
vocabulary
Treaty of Tordesillas
Treaty stating that Spain and Portugal had to honor the Line of Demarcation, which was set up stating lands east of the line were Portugal’s and lands west of the line were Spain’s.
vocabulary
Encomienda
: This was a farming system where Spanish landlords received the rights to the natives’ labor from Spanish authorities. The natives would farm, ranch, or mine. The holders of these plots promised Spanish rulers that they would act fairly and respect the workers. Unfortunately, many did not follow this and they abused their workers.
vocabulary
Peninsulares:
Men born in Spain who held the top positions in Latin America.
vocabulary
Creole
Spaniards born in Latin America holding lesser positions than Peninsualres
vocabulary
Conquistadors
took over Native Americans for gold, able to because of advanced technologies
vocabulary
Treaty of Tordesillas
Treaty stating that Spain and Portugal had to honor the Line of Demarcation, which was set up stating lands east of the line were Portugal’s and lands west of the line were Spain’s.
vocabulary
Encomienda
: This was a farming system where Spanish landlords received the rights to the natives’ labor from Spanish authorities. The natives would farm, ranch, or mine. The holders of these plots promised Spanish rulers that they would act fairly and respect the workers. Unfortunately, many did not follow this and they abused their workers.
vocabulary
Peninsulares:
Men born in Spain who held the top positions in Latin America.
vocabulary
Creole
Spaniards born in Latin America holding lesser positions than Peninsualres
vocabulary
Mestizo
A person of mixed European and Indian ancestry.
vocabulary
Mulatto
A person of mixed European and African ancestry
vocabulary
Caudillos
Powerful military leaders or political bosses, who often came to power by force
vocabulary
Triangular Trade:
The transatlantic trading network where three different entities traded their most abundant item in return for something they need. One example of triangular trade was between Europe, Africa, and the West Indies. Europe would send manufactured goods to Africa, pick up African slaves and bring them to the West Indies, and then pick up sugar, coffee, and tobacco and bring them back to Europe. Another triangular trade was between the New England Colonies, Africa, and the West Indies. Rum and other goods were traded from New England to Africa, where slaves were picked up and dropped off in the West Indies, and finally, where sugar and molasses were sent back to the New England colonies.
vocabulary
Middle Passage
The voyage from Africa to the West Indies trading African slaves. This was considered the middle passage because it was considered the middle leg of the transatlantic trade triangle.
vocabulary
Columbian Exchange
The global transfer of foods, plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Europe during the colonization of the Americas.
vocabulary
Hein feudalism
government then ruling families cared more about luxuries. Farmers began to sell land in return for protection marking the beginning of a feudal system
Haiti
who rebelled
why
ex slave--Toussaint L’Overture
bottom of the social system and because they worked on sugar plantations (very dangerous because they used)
south america
who
why
the creoles- -Simon Bolivar- The “Liberator” who defeated Spanish forces 1819-1825, freeing Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia
-Jose de San Martin- The Latin American revolutionary who freed Argentina and Chile from Spanish rule
couldn’t hold high government positions
Mexico
who why
-Miguel Hidalgo- A priest and peasants
social classes
Opium
: Cause people to be lazy and work was not getting done. Made a favorable balance of trade for Britain, before all the silver was going to china. The Chinese tried to stop it. They sent a letter to Queen Victoria, but it was never delivered.
Destruction of opium
In Canton, like Boston Tea Party. After Opium War had to pay for the reparations.
Opium War:
War between the British and Chinese in 1839 caused by the introduction of Opium to China by the British. This war was fought at sea and the steam powered British fleet dominated the outdated Chinese one.
Treaty of Nanjing
Signed in 1842, this treaty gave Britain the island of Hong Kong, Opened ports to Europeans, Costly reparations for the destroyed opium, and extraterritorial rights for British citizens
Extraterritorial Rights
Given to the US and other foreign countries, this allowed them to trade at five Chinese ports that were exempt from Chinese law.
Extraterritorial Rights
Given to the US and other foreign countries, this allowed them to trade at five Chinese ports that were exempt from Chinese law.
Taiping Rebellion
Rebellion of the Chinese people against China led by Hong Xiuquan. He had mystical visions and wanted to save the world, beginning with China. He had dreams of a “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace.” Here, all Chinese would share China’s wealth and no one would be poor. Men and women would be equals. They took over Nanjing as their capital with over one million people. Soon though, imperial troops local militias, and British and French forces attacked them and ended their rebellion by 1864. Western Civilizations helped defeat them. SHOWED: the weakness of the Qing Dynasty, discontent among peasants, and increasing influence of weatern ideologies and religions
Dowager Empress Cixi
Ruler of China who still believed in traditional values, but pushed reforms like the self-strengthening movement, which would update China’s educational system, diplomatic service, and military. She served two terms, coming back in 1899 after her nephew wanted too extreme reforms.
Boat
: symbol of failure of self-strengthening movement
Self-Strengthening Movement
Movement that would allow the Chinese education system, diplomatic service, and military to improve.
Sphere of Influence
An area in which a foreign nation controlled trade and investment
Open Door Policy
Policy initiated by the United States in 1899 that allowed all of China to be open to all foreign traders. This was made so that no one nation would set up colonies and have total control over an area.
Boxer Rebellion
Starting as a secret organization called The Society of Harmonious Fists, these people were usually peasants or workers who were against the foreigners and Chinese Christians. In the spring of 1900, the marched into Beijing chanting “Death to the foreign devils!” They took hold of the European section and held it for months until a force of 20,000 foreign troops defeated them. Although they were defeated, this created a sense of nationalism among China.
The Great Chinese Cake
like the cake in Africa all the powerful nations were taking china and dividing it.
Commodore Perry
American who in 1853 brought a fleet of four ships into Tokyo Harbor with a letter for the Tokugawa shogun from U.S. President Millard Fillmore. The letter asked for the Japanese to open their ports so that U.S. ships could dock and re-supply with water and coal. Perry threatened the Japanese that he would return the next year with a much larger fleet awaiting their response
Treaty of Kanagawa
This was the treaty signed in response to President Fillmore’s letter. In 1854, this treaty opened two ports where American ships could re-supply. It further stipulates that the United States could set up an embassy in Japan.
Meiji Era
From 1867 to 1912, this was the ruling era under the emperor Mutsuhito. Meiji means “enlightened rule.”
Russo-Japanese War
War that broke out in 1904 when Japan launched a surprise attack against the Russian navy. Japan drove the Russians out of Korea winning many battles and capturing a majority of Russia’s Pacific fleet. The war ended by the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth stipulating that Russia would move out of Manchuria and away from Korea and giving Japan the captured territories- Results were surprising because of Japanese wins
Annexation
The inclusion of a territory under the ruling of a greater nation. Korea was annexed to Japan. Japan treated Korea terribly
The Rape of Nanjing
Japanese never formally apologized for being ruthless to the Chinese. They cut off peoples heads and threw babies.
-British East India Company
had its own army of 25, 000
Sepoy Mutiny
- In 1857 Sepoys attempted to unite India against invading British and to restore power to the Mogul emperor Bahadur Shah. Failed because of lack of leadership and unity on the part of the Indians and cruel suppression by the British armies
-Raj
- Part of India under direct British rule
-The British believed that India was their “Jewel in the crown” because it was the most prosperous and made a fortune for the East India Company
egypt geopolitics
the tip of the read sea
geopoltics
foreign policy based on a consideration of the strategic locations or products of other lands
The Suez Canal
A man made waterway that connected the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. Egyptians built it. It was a huge success.
decline of the ottoman
unable ruler- killed 2 able sons
lost to spain and italy
people started feeling nationalistic
people wanted there good geopolitics
Assimilation
The policy where foreigners could be absorbed into another culture/society.
Berlin Conference
Conference arranged in 1884-1885 to assure fair division of lands in Africa. They established that any European country could control lands in Africa if they showed proper claims. The unclaimed land was divided up without thought of tribal division/conflicts.
Boer War
War between the British and Boers in 1899 considered to be the first modern “total” war. The Boers launched a commando assault with guerilla tactics, while the British would burn Boer farms and imprison women and children in concentration camps. The British eventually won this war and the Boer republics had to join the Union of South Africa in 1902.
Colony
country or religion governed internally by a foreign power (most of Africa)
Protectorate
Country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power- not very expensive (Egypt)
Sphere of Influence
Area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges (China)
Economic Imperialism
Independent or less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather then by other governments (Dole Fruit Co.)
Indirect Control
Local officials handled the colony. Each colony had a legislative council
direct conrtol
Paternalism- provided needs w/o giving them rights, brought in bureaucrats