Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
131 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is merchantilism?
|
an economic policy under which nations fought to increase there wealth by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver by selling more goods than they bought
|
|
|
What is the Columbian exchange?
|
The transfer of foods, plants during the colonization of the americas
|
|
|
What is an absolute monarch?
|
A king with total or absolute power
|
|
|
What is divine right?
|
Belief that a king has gods support to make similar to chinese belief of the mandate of heaven
|
|
|
What is centralize power?
|
The person ruling is taking more powers for themselves, usually occurs during the rule of an absolute monarch
|
|
|
What is magna carta?
|
Document which limits a kings power
|
|
|
What was the result of the slave trade on american history?
|
europeans profit the slave trade, slavery is in america, racism begins, natives didnt die of diseases, slave rebellions, cultural diffusion. **AFRICAN KINGDOMS DESTROYED**
|
|
|
What is a depot?
|
a dictator
|
|
|
What is god, gold and glory?
|
religion, fortune and fame ( age of exploration)
|
|
|
what did columbus do?
|
Founded the america's
|
|
|
What did Magellan do?
|
he proved the earth was round
|
|
|
What did Da Gama do?
|
Discovered an all water route
|
|
|
What is nationalism?
|
devotion and loyalty to ones own nation
|
|
|
What is Absolutism?
|
principle of unrestricted power in a government
|
|
|
What was the effect of the enlightenment?
|
revolted, bill of rights, constitution, protected citizen, democratic government
|
|
|
John Locke
|
his philosophy was government must protect people, people can overthrow government if government doesnt protect natural rights
|
|
|
baron de montesquieu
|
his philosophy was separate powers of government into 3 branches
|
|
|
voltaire
|
his philosophy was freedom of speech and freedom of religion
|
|
|
jean jacques rousseau
|
his philosophy was social contact, people make and obey laws, laws are for good of the people, group more important than the individual
|
|
|
thomas hobbes
|
his philosophy was people are greedy, powerful government needed to keep order
|
|
|
What was africa's geography?
|
very diverse
|
|
|
Ghana - 500-1200 A.D
|
ruled by mali in 9th and 10th century, located in western africa, controlled with europe, traded SALT GOLD AND COPPER, declined because it was attacked by morocco armies and the economy weakened by north africans
|
|
|
Mali- 1200-1400 A.D
|
under mansa musa's rule, borders the atlantic ocean, traded GOLD AND SALT, mansa musa distributed gold to poor people
|
|
|
Songhai -700-1600 A.D
|
under ascia rule, largest west african state, traded GOLD COPPER AND SALT
|
|
|
Timbuktu
|
leading center of learning
|
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
largest, served as political and religious center of the kingdom
|
|
|
facts about africa
|
trade made africa very wealthy, developed along east coast of african and bought ivory, gold and iron
ceremonies strenghtened bond with the community, they spoke arabic, oral and written traditions preserve culture and teach lessons |
|
|
Anniminism
|
into nature and divine spirits
|
|
|
Aztec
|
warriors were based on performance and success in the battlefield, settled in a rainforest area, government could buy freedom, grew corn, squash and beans
|
|
|
Inca
|
settled in mountain area, roadways were surrounded with stone to prevent washing away in the rain and helped escape faster
|
|
|
terrace farming
|
cutting out side of a mountain and planting crops to prevent from washing away
|
|
|
quipus
|
set of knotted strings that could be used to record data
|
|
|
slash and burn agriculture
|
burning of crops to put nutrients back in the soil so the following years crops could grow
|
|
|
Maya
|
settled in a swampy area, had a social hierarchy or a rigid social class system
|
|
|
cenote
|
where they had human sacrifice
|
|
|
codex
|
bark paper
|
|
|
glyph
|
symbols standing for thoughts of ideas
|
|
|
hernando cortes
|
spanish explorer who found the empire and killed the natives
|
|
|
polytheism
|
belief in many gods
|
|
|
monotheism
|
belief in one god
|
|
|
Tang and sang dynasties
|
golden age, achievements were gunpowder which was used for warfare, moveable type which moved words to create a new word and porcelain
|
|
|
genghis khan
|
formed alliance with uighers, outlawed kidnapping of women
|
|
|
kublai khan
|
emperor who built new capital in beijing, attempted to conquer japan
|
|
|
pax mongolica
|
guarenteed safe travel and trade, gun powder, trade was high, mongolia peace
|
|
|
marco polo
|
increased trade, was from venus
|
|
|
japanese calligraphy
|
looks like chinese, sacred, adopted then adapted, tells about a person
|
|
|
kabuki
|
japanese theatre, dressed colorful, plays were stories of war
|
|
|
Dry landscape gardens
|
take materials and replace with nature, calming, meditative
|
|
|
shintoism
|
native japanese religion based on nature
|
|
|
archipelago
|
group of islands
|
|
|
feudalism
|
system of government in which lords control there own lands but one military service and other support for a greater land
(lower power tries to take over a higher power) |
|
|
shogun
|
supreme general of the emperors army
|
|
|
daimyo
|
recieves land from shogun in exchange for support
|
|
|
samurai
|
bodyguard of loyal warrior, honor was very important
|
|
|
bushido
|
demanding code of behavior
|
|
|
Where and why did the renaissance begin?
|
italy and increased wealth, great roman empire, plague, trade and cultural diffusion, italian city states (florence)
|
|
|
guild
|
group of people that trade the same good work together to set standards including price and quality
|
|
|
apprentice
|
student of a skilled worker
|
|
|
parliament
|
a legislative body in the english government
|
|
|
individualism
|
renaissance value that focuses on ones self
|
|
|
realism
|
renaissance value, everyday people in everyday settings
|
|
|
humanism
|
intellectual movement that focused wordly subjects rather than religious issues
|
|
|
Da Vinci
|
created mona lisa, scientist and inventor
|
|
|
Raphael
|
artist, student of Da vinci and michelangelo
|
|
|
Michelangelo
|
artist who created statue of david, and painted sistine chapel
|
|
|
shakespeare
|
most famous writer of the age, great example of a writer of realism, he wrote extensively about human beings and the joys and sorrows of human life "to thine own self be true"
|
|
|
Dante
|
wrote the divine comedy, wrote in italian not latin
|
|
|
Thomas moore
|
utopia - wrote a book about an imaginary world where there was no such thing as greed, corruption, or war. since there was no greed there was little use for money
|
|
|
martin luther
|
wrote 95 theses, believed opposite of what the church said
|
|
|
95 theses
|
written by martin luther, pinned to the church door
|
|
|
John calvin
|
believe in predestination, salvation by faith alone
|
|
|
Council of trent
|
outlined heresy, churches interpretation of bible was final
|
|
|
counter reformation
|
attempt of the roman catholic church to stop the spread of the protestant religion
|
|
|
ignatius of loyola
|
wrote book comparing spiritual and physical exercise, created religious order for his followers
|
|
|
causes of scientific revolution
|
printing press, development of new scientific instruments, travel and reformation
|
|
|
isaac newton
|
physist and math matician, proved gravity existed and supported discoveries of copernicus
|
|
|
galileo
|
astronomer, built telescope, published book about planets and supported theories of copernicus
|
|
|
copernicus
|
scientist, found sun was center of the universe, didnt publish findings till the end of life
|
|
|
how did the fall of rome lead to the middle ages?
|
germatic tribes weakened it
|
|
|
the franks
|
strongest germatic tribe
|
|
|
charlemagne
|
son of pepin (charles martel), defended attacks from the muslims, and spread christianity
|
|
|
serfs
|
people who couldnt leave the place where they were born
|
|
|
vassal
|
a person who owes service to a greater land in exchange for land, food, protection
|
|
|
fief
|
land
|
|
|
manor
|
land where kings ruled
|
|
|
manorialism
|
spreading of the land
|
|
|
3 field system
|
farmers could grow crops on land each year
|
|
|
knights
|
warriors who fought on horseback
|
|
|
code of chivalry
|
behavior of knights that they had to obey
|
|
|
pope
|
most powerful religious figure, head of the church
|
|
|
lay investiture
|
a ceremony in which kings and nobles appoint church officials
|
|
|
Gothic architecture
|
spires- point towards heavens -close to god, flying buttresses, bright, light and has stained glass
|
|
|
romanesque architecture
|
small windows, dark inside, brick, plain, cold, fort like
|
|
|
heresy
|
saying bad things about a religion
|
|
|
excommunication
|
taking away a persons membership
|
|
|
who influenced medieval education
|
the muslims
|
|
|
causes of the crusades
|
muslim empire expands, byzantine needs help, pope wants holy land
|
|
|
the plague
|
disease that killed millions of people, caused by rats and over population, effect was it wiped out 2/3 of the population
|
|
|
Quran
|
islamic holy book, quides moral and practical behavior, written in calligraphy because its the only handwriting to be worthy of the word of god
|
|
|
caliph
|
successor or deputy
|
|
|
jihad
|
holy war
|
|
|
imam
|
priest at a mosque
|
|
|
hajj
|
pilgrimage to mecca
|
|
|
muhammed
|
orphan, raised by uncle
|
|
|
allah
|
concept of belief of one god
(human images distracted from praying to allah) |
|
|
5 pillars of islam
|
1. confession of faith - 1 god/muhammed is prophet
2. prayer- 5 times a day facing mecca 3. charity- give to poor/ taxes to the mosque 4. fasting- during ramadan day light hours 5. pilgrimage- journey to mecca |
|
|
Rightly guided caliphs
|
spread religion with trade, war and missionaries
|
|
|
islam
|
means submission to the will of god
|
|
|
ummayad dynasty
|
dont treat people fairly, dynasty looses power, loose battle
|
|
|
battle of tours
|
fought between christians and muslims, ends muslim conquest, stops the spread of islam to europe
|
|
|
Abbasid dynasty
|
golden age, do not conquer islam to new places, took over umayyad dynasty, very peaceful
|
|
|
Golden age of islam
|
borrowed ideas such as dome, calligraphy, astrolabe, algebra, geometry, herbal medicine, pharmacies
|
|
|
Sunni division
|
muslim leader passes to caliphs, support rule of abu bacr
|
|
|
shiite division
|
leadership is limited to decendments of muhammed, reject rule of first 3 caliphs
|
|
|
how does islam compare to judaism or christianity
|
many same beliefs
|
|
|
what lands and people came under muslim rule?
|
eqypt, palestine, iraq, northern africa, parts of spain
|
|
|
what was the importance of trade in the muslim empire
|
trade spreads religion/ islam
|
|
|
how did islamic civilization interact with christian europe
|
battle of tours, treated citizens tolerant
|
|
|
Byzantine empire
|
good for trade because its located on the sea and they only need one protection wall
|
|
|
constantine
|
roman emperor who built constiantinople in 330 A.D
|
|
|
Justinian
|
had a code of laws that impacted modern western culture
|
|
|
autocratic ruler
|
over ruler with dominant power or absolute
|
|
|
theocracy
|
no separation between church and state
|
|
|
hagia sophia
|
means holy wisdom, was a church in 532, becomes a mosque in 1453, supposed to look like heaven inside
|
|
|
house of wisdom
|
library, value education
|
|
|
mosaic
|
small pieces of glass that make up an image
|
|
|
theodora
|
a lot of power, helped women gain rights and give charity, ended the nika rebellion
|
|
|
icons
|
religious statues or images
|
|
|
iconoclasts
|
icon smashers
|
|
|
schism
|
division in the church spirit into 2 powers, roman catholism and eastern orthodox
|
|
|
sphres of influence
|
a territoism area over which political control is needed in one nation
|
