Glencoe World History Modern Times Chapter 19

Front 1

demilitarized

Back 1

elimination or prohibition of weapons, fortifications, and other military installations

Front 2

appeasement

Back 2

satisfying demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability

Front 3

sanctions

Back 3

a restriction intended to enforce international law

Front 4

Adolf Hitler

Back 4

leader of Germany from 1933-1945. He is one of the principal instigators of World War II and the Holocaust, which together led to the deaths of an estimated 40-50 million people

Front 5

Rhineland

Back 5

a region in Germany designated a demilitarized zone by the Treaty of Versailles; Hitler vetoed the treaty and sent German troops there in 1936

Front 6

Benito Mussolini

Back 6

Italian fascist dictator who joined with Germany and Japan to form the Axis powers of World War II; he was executed by Italian resistance fighters in April, 1945

Front 7

Sudentenland

Back 7

area in northwestern Czechoslovakia inhabited largely by Germans; Hitler's troops occupied the region in 1938

Front 8

Joseph Stalin

Back 8

Soviet dictator; signed Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact with Hitler in 1939

Front 9

Manchukuo

Back 9

the Japanese name for Manchuria after the Japanese army formed it into a separate state in 1932

Front 10

Chiang Kai-shek

Back 10

leader of China when the Japanese invaded in the 1930s

Front 11

New Order

Back 11

Japanese plan to unite East Asia, including Japan, Manchuria, China, and Soviet Siberia, with Japan guarding its Asian neighbors to prosperity and modernization

Front 12

blitzkrieg

Back 12

German for "lightning war," a swift and sudden military attack; used by the Germans during World War II

Front 13

isolationism

Back 13

a policy of national isolation by abstention from alliances and other international political and economic relations

Front 14

neutrality

Back 14

refusal to take sides or become involved in wars between other nations

Front 15

partisan

Back 15

a resistance fighter in World War II

Front 16

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Back 16

32nd president of the U.S; was elected an unprecedented four times. He initiated the New Deal to combat the Great Depression and then led the U.S. during all but the last few months of World War II

Front 17

Stalingrad

Back 17

major industrial center in Soviet Union; Germans invaded in November 1942 but were forced to surrender in February 1943; one of the most terrible battles of World War II

Front 18

Midway Island

Back 18

turning point of the war in Asia occurred at this island on June 4, 1942; U.S. planes destroyed four attacking Japanese aircraft carriers

Front 19

Douglas MacArthur

Back 19

United States general who commanded the Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II; he presided over the surrender of Japan

Front 20

Winston Churchill

Back 20

one of the most prominent leaders of the 20th century as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II; his spirit and oratory skills were essential to the Allies

Front 21

Normandy

Back 21

region in northwestern France; site of the Allied landing forces on June 5, 1944 (D-Day)

Front 22

Harry S. Truman

Back 22

33rd president of the United States, succeeding to the office when Franklin Roosevelt died and presided over the last few months of World War II

Front 23

Hiroshima

Back 23

Japanese city which was the site of the dropping of the first atomic bomb on August 6, 1945

Front 24

genocide

Back 24

the deliberate mass murder of a particular racial, political, or cultural group

Front 25

collaborator

Back 25

a person who assists the enemy

Front 26

Poland

Back 26

invaded by Hitler in 1939

Front 27

Heinrich Himmler

Back 27

German Nazi; head of the SS and the Gestapo, who oversaw the genocide of 6 million Jews and other minorities

Front 28

Reinhard Heydrich

Back 28

German General of the SS Security Force who created the special strike forces to carry out Nazi plans to round up the Jews, steal their valuables, and execute them

Front 29

Auschwitz

Back 29

largest concentration camp / extermination center built by the Nazis; in Poland

Front 30

Holocaust

Back 30

the mass slaughter of European Jews by the Nazis

Front 31

mobilization

Back 31

the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war

Front 32

kamikaze

Back 32

Japanese for "divine wind," a suicide mission in which young Japanese pilots intentionally flew their airplanes into U.S. fighting ships at sea

Front 33

blitz

Back 33

the British term for the German air raids on British cities and towns during World War II

Front 34

Cold War

Back 34

the period of political tension following World War II and ending with the fall of Communism in the Soviet Union at the end of the 1980s

Front 35

Albert Speer

Back 35

Hitler's chief architect who was made minister of armaments and munitions in 1942; he tripled the production rate in a year in spite of Allied air raids

Front 36

General Hideki Tojo

Back 36

Japanese general and prime minister during much of World War II; he opposed female employment in spite of labor shortages during the war

Front 37

London

Back 37

capital of Britain; German airforce bombed the city nightly

Front 38

Dresden

Back 38

German city ferociously firebombed by the Allies from February 13 to 15, 1945