Glencoe Life Science 6Th Grade - Cell Structures And Functions

Front 1

cell theory

Back 1

1) All living things are made up of 1 or more cells

2) the cell is the smallest unit of life

3) all new cells come from pre-existing cells

Front 2

Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow

Back 2

Scientist who developed cell theory

Front 3

Water

Back 3

Main ingredient in a cell. 70% of a cell's volume.

Front 4

macromolecules

Back 4

large molecule that forms when smaller molecules form together

Front 5

nucleic acid

Back 5

long chains of nucleotides joined together. DNA and RNA are examples

Front 6

Proteins

Back 6

long chains of amino acid molecules.

Front 7

Lipids

Back 7

large macromolecule that does not desolve in water. Form a cell's protective barrier. cholesterol is an example

Front 8

Carbohydrates

Back 8

one or more sugar molecules. Store energy, provide structure, and communications

Front 9

cell membrane

Back 9

flexible covering that protects the inside of the cell from the environment outside a cell

Front 10

cell wall

Back 10

a stiff structure outside the cell membrane

Front 11

cell appendages

Back 11

often used by a cell to move. Flagella and cilia are examples

Front 12

cytoplasm

Back 12

fluid inside a cell which contains salts and other molecules

Front 13

cytoskeleton

Back 13

network of thread-like proteins which join together to provide structure

Front 14

prokaryotic

Back 14

cell type that does not have a protective membrane around its genetic material. Often single celled organism

Front 15

eukaryotic

Back 15

cell type which has a protective membrane around its genetic material. Often has organelles

Front 16

organelle

Back 16

cells structures which have specialized funtions

Front 17

nucleus

Back 17

organelle of the cell that directs activities and contains genetic information

Front 18

Rough ER

Back 18

Produces proteins using robsomes

Front 19

Smooth ER

Back 19

Produces lipids and cholesterol

Front 20

mitichondria

Back 20

processes energy to power cells to perform funcitons

Front 21

chloroplast

Back 21

membrane-bound organelles that use light energy and make food (glucose) from water and carbon dioxide

Front 22

Golgi apparaus

Back 22

produces vesicles

Front 23

vesicles

Back 23

transport substances within a cell

Front 24

vacoules

Back 24

organelles which store food

Front 25

passive transportation

Back 25

movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cell's energy

Front 26

diffusion

Back 26

movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Front 27

Osmosis

Back 27

diffusion of water through a membrane

Front 28

facilitated diffusion

Back 28

when molecules pass through the cell membrane using special transport proteins. Does not use cell energy

Front 29

Active Transport

Back 29

movement of substances through a cell membrane by using the cell energy

Front 30

endcytosis

Back 30

process which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane

Front 31

exocytosis

Back 31

process when a cell's vesicles release their contents outside the cell

Front 32

cellular respiration

Back 32

series of chemical reactions that convert food molecules into usable energy (ATP)

Front 33

Glycolysis

Back 33

process which glucose is broken down into smaller molecules

Front 34

Reactions in mitocondria

Back 34

takes in glucose and oxygen to make ATP, water, and carbon dioxide

Front 35

fermentation

Back 35

obtain energy from food without oxygen

Front 36

photosynthesis

Back 36

series of chemical reactions that covert light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and gives off oxygen