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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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8 possible complications of cataract surgery
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-Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
-Hyphema -Raised IOP -Corneal Edema -Endopthalmitis -RD -Iritis -Shallow AC |
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4 major classifications of glaucoma
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-Primary Open Angle
-Secondary Glaucoma -Congenital & Pediatric glaucoma -Narrow Angle Glaucoma |
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5 risk factors for development of glaucoma
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-Elevated IOP
-Ancestry -Myopia -Diabetes -Trauma to the eye |
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glaucoma and optic neuropathy related
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glaucoma is the hallmark of optic neuropathy.
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Why is chronic open angle glaucoma so dangerous
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Absence of symptoms may make it difficult for patients to stick with their medications.
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Classifications of cataracts
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-Etiology
-Location -Onset -Stage of development -Descriptive appearance |
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Cataract
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Any opacity in the lens of the eye
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3 parts of the lens
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-capsule
-epithelium -fibers |
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Lens is composed of _______ protein
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66%
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most common cause of cataracts
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aging
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3 major types of cataracts
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-nuclear
-cortical -posterior subcapsular (PSC) |
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6 causes of cataracts
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-trauma (penetration of the eye)
-toxicity -metabolic disturbance (like diabetes) -maternal infection (like rubella) -heredity -primary eye disease |
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Characteristics of Nuclear Cataracts
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-Occurs with aging
-Yellow-brown color -Develop slowly -Myopic shift -central lens becomes harder |
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Characteristics of Cortical Cataracts
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-Aging
-Affect near and far vision -affect outer layers of lens |
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Characteristics of Posterior subcapsular cataracts
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-Progress rapidly
-cookie crumb appearance -severe glare -associated with diabetes/steroid (including eye drops) use |
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Classification of Cataracts by age of onset
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-congenital
-infantile -juvenile -presenile & senile (outdated) |
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Classification of Cataracts by causes
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-metabolic (down's syndrom, marfan's syndrom)
-Toxic -Complicated or secondary (uveitis) -Retinal disease (RP, RD, some forms of glaucoma) -Traumatic |
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Christmas tree cataracts
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patients with myotonic dystrophy, have a polychromatic cataract.
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Symptoms of cataracts
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-painless progressive loss of vision
-glare -gradual change in vision (unless PSC) -Dull colors -Frequent change in Rx |
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Treatment of Cataracts
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-Couching
ICCE ECCE KPE |
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Evaluations of cataracts
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Corrected VA
B Scan PAM A scan K readings |
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determine the power of corrective lens to be implanted
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A Scan or IOL Master
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what is glaucoma
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optic nerve damage
visual field loss elevated IOP |
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Normal IOP
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10-21 mmHG
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Optic nerve damage with normal IOP
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normal tension glaucome = treat
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elevated pressures no optic nerve damage
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ocular hypertensives= watch
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reduced corneal thickness increases the risk of developing ______
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glaucoma
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a thicker cornea results in
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higher IOP
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a thinner cornea results in
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lower IOP
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Optic nerve has how many axons of ganglion cells
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1.2 million axons of ganglion cells
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evaluation of optic nerve head
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cupping, C/D ratio
observation optic nerve mapping stereo photography |
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what kind of damage does glaucoma do to the eye
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damages the optic nerve, VF loss follows
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Primary open angle glaucoma cause
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gradual blockage of drainage channel
pressure builds slowly |
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symptoms of open angle glaucoma
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no symptoms
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narrow angle glaucoma facts
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shallow ac
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acute angle closure attack symptoms
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dilation of pupil
nausea, vomiting, pain, decreased vision iris blocks off all of the angle |
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Secondary glaucoma cause
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injury
infection tumors drugs inflammation -scar tissue growth that blocks the drainage channel |
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Congenital glaucoma treatment
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treated soon after birth to save vision
surgical |
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Congenital glaucoma cause
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fluid drainage system abnormal at birth
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congenital glaucoma symptoms
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photophobic
excessive tearing enlarged eyes cloudy cornea |
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primary open angle glaucoma symptoms
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gradual loss of side vision first
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progresses slowly "theif in the night", lifelong condition
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primary open angle glaucoma
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Primary angle closure (acute angle closure attack)
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medical emergency as permanent blindness occurs rapidly w/o treatment
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