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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Git command to use when starting to track an existing project in Git
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Go to the project's directory:
git init At this point, nothing is tracked yet. You still need to issue some "git add" commands followed by a commit. |
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Git command to use when getting a copy of an existing Git repository
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git clone <url> [optional-directory-name]
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4 states of files
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untracked
unmodified modified staged |
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Git command to determine which files are in which state, and which branch you're on
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git status
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Git command to use when beginning tracking a new file or directory
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git add <file-pattern>...
if it's a directory, all the files in that directory are added recursively. |
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Git command to use when staging modified files
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git add <file-pattern>...
if you modify a file after "git add", you have to run "git add" again to stage the latest version. |
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How to ignore some files
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create .gitignore file:
*.[oa] *~ *.log |
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Rules for the patterns to use in .gitignore file
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* Blank lines or lines starting with # are ignored
* Standard glob patterns work * You can end patterns with a / to specify a directory * You can negate a pattern by starting it with an ! |
Glob patterns:
* to match zero or more characters [abc] matches any character inside the brackets ? matches a single character [0-9] matches any characters in the range |
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Git command to show exact changes in files you've changed but not yet staged
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git diff
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Git command to see what you've staged that will go into your next commit
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git diff --staged
or git diff --cached (before git 1.6.1) |
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Commit changes and type commit comment using default text editor
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git commit
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Commit changes with diff of your chnage displayed in the default editor for commit message
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git commit -v
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Commit changes with inline commit message
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git commit -m <msg>
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Option of "git commit" command to make Git automatically stage every file that is already tracked before doing the commit
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git commit -a
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Git command to remove a file from Git
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git rm <file>...
it also removes the file from your working directory. |
You can pass files, directories, and file-glob patterns, but need to use backslash (\) in front of * to shell-escape them.
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Git command to remove a file that's already modified and staged
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git rm -f <file>...
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Git command to keep a file in your working tree but no longer want it to be tracked by Git
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git rm --cached <file>...
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Git command to rename a file
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git mv <source> <destination>
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equivalent to:
mv <source> <destination> git rm <source> git add <destination> |
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Git command to view commit history
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git log
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Option of "git log" to show the diff introduced in each commit
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git log -p
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Option of "git log" to show some abbreviated stats for each commit
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git log --stat
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Option of "git log" to change the log output to formats other than the default
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git log --pretty=<format>
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Formats of "git log"
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oneline, short, full, fuller, or custom format:
git log --pretty=format:"%h - %an, %ar : %s" |
Some format options:
%H Commit hash %h Abbreviated commit hash %T Tree hash %t Abbreviated tree hash %P Parent hashes %p Abbreviated parent hashes %an Author name %ae Author e-mail %ad Author date (respecting -date= option) %ar Author date, relative %cn Committer name %ce Committer e-mail %cd Committer date %cr Committer date, relative %s Subject |
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Option of "git log" to add a nice little ASCII graph showing your branch and merge history
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git log --graph
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Works well with --pretty=oneline or custom format --pretty=format:"%h %s"
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Option of "git log" to display only the changed/insertions/deletions line of the statistics
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git log --shortstat
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Limiting "git log" output to show the last <n> commits
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git log -<n>
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Time-limiting options of "git log"
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git log --since=2.weeks
git log --after=1.month git log --until="2008-01-15" git log --before="2 years 1 day 3 minutes" |
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Option of "git log" to filter on a specific author or committer
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git log --author=<author>
git log --committer=<committer> |
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Option of "git log" to search for keywords in the commit messages.
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git log --grep=<pattern>
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Option of "git log" to "AND" all filters
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git log --author=<author> --grep=<pattern> --all-match
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Make "git log" to limit the output to commits that introduced a change to a file
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git log <filepattern>
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Always the last option, and is generally preceded by double dashes (- -)
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Git command to amend a commit
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git commit --amend
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If no changes since last commit have been made, all you'll change is your commit message.
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To unstage a staged file (back to modified status)
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git reset HEAD <file>...
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To unmodify (revert) a modified file
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git checkout -- <file>...
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Warning: the change is lost forever because it's never committed.
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