Git-Histology

Front 1

The Liver is the __ largest organ in the body other than ____. It is covered with a ___ capsule called: _______

Back 1

2nd largest
skin
CT-- Glissons capsule

Front 2

Entering the liver are the:

Back 2

Hepatic artery and portal vein

Front 3

Leaving the liver is the:

Back 3

hepatic duct

Front 4

Connective--supporting tissue of an organ known as:

Back 4

Parenchyma

Front 5

Entire liver parenchyma consist of ________

Back 5

6 hexagonal shaped hepatic lobules

Front 6

Portal triad located?

Back 6

At periphery of each lobule

Front 7

Portal areas contain ____

Back 7

CT

Front 8

Portal areas contain:

Back 8

arteriole-branch of hepatic artery
venule-branch of portal vein
ductule-branch of bile duct

Front 9

Hepatic artery receives ____ blood from _____

Back 9

oxygenated blood from cilia trunk

Front 10

Portal vein receives blood from the :

Back 10

superior mesenteric vein and spleenic vein

Front 11

Spleenic vein carries blood filled with:

Back 11

destroyed products of erythrocytes and de02 blood from large intestine

Front 12

Superior and inferior mesenteric veins contain:

Back 12

nutrient rich blood and toxic products -- bile pigments and drugs

Front 13

Synthesize bile?
secreted to?

Back 13

Hepatocytes
gallbladder

Front 14

Between hepatocytes in lobules:

Back 14

adjacent plasma membranes. bilary caniliculi (filled with bile)

Front 15

Hepatocytes contain: ____ junctions and _____

Back 15

gap junctions and tight junctions

Front 16

Center of hepatic lobule:

Back 16

central vein (venule)

Front 17

Epithelial cells of liver _____ interconnected with adjacent cells in the form of:
- ______ or
-_______
arranged?

Back 17

hepatocytes,
plates or chords

radially around central vein

Front 18

In between plates or chords of hepatocytes?
______ present as:_______
covered by?
with ______ in between?

Back 18

sinusoidal capillaries, present as discontinuous fenestrated sinusoids -- reticular layer

very large space in between- kupher cells/stellate cells or inside lumen

Front 19

Hepatocytes contain apical _____ toward ______. Functions to? This area is known as ______. ____ cell present

Back 19

microvilli, toward endothelial cells for increase surface area for exchange of substances btw blood plasma and hepatocyte. Itocell

Front 20

Itocell contains: _____
____ _____ cells
also store _______
synthesizes ______ (3)
when necessary

Back 20

small lipid droplets
fat storing cells
vitamin A
ECM -collagen-proteoglycan-glycoproteins

Front 21

Liver-- 70-80% blood via ________

Back 21

portal vein

Front 22

Liver is a _______ organ

Back 22

modified endocrine/exocrine

Front 23

Central vein takes and receives blood from the :
containing?
path to RA?

Back 23

portal vein and hepatic artery which contain both de02 and oxygenated blood
CV-HV-IVC-RA

Front 24

Flow of blood of hepatocyte lobules from ____ to ____

Back 24

periphery to center

Front 25

Peripheral hepatocytes receive blood?
depend on _____ metabolism?
for ______

Back 25

1st-aerobic-protein synthesis

Front 26

Central hepatocytes
Oxygen level? Metabolism? Aid in?

Back 26

low-glycogen- detoxification

Front 27

Kupher cells also known as ____ cells function to:
1.
2.
3.

Back 27

stellate
1.destruction of AGED erythrocytes
2. removes cellular debris
3. antigen-presenting cells

Front 28

Hepatocytes contain ___ nuclei?
well developed ______
-
-

Back 28

1-2 or more-mitochondria-peroxisomes-lysosomes

Front 29

RER of liver synthesizes?

Back 29

large macromolecules including-- Albumin-prothrombins --- directly released to the blood

Front 30

SER of liver functions?

important for?

Back 30

detoxification
aged erythrocytes TOXIC H2O INSOLUBLE BILIRUBIN

Front 31

RER ______ bilirubin
by adding ______ and through the ________ enzyme to create water soluble nontoxic bilirubin ____ ____

Back 31

conjugates
UDP Glucornic acid
Glucoronyl Transferase
Glucornic acid

Front 32

Unconjugated billirubin or absence of ________ leads to:

Back 32

Glucoronyl Transferase
unconjugated Jaundice

Front 33

Glucornyl transferase deficiency patients given ______ to stimulate _____

Back 33

barbituates
hepatocytes in SER to produce glucornyl transferase

Front 34

Liver cells contain abundant _______ near SER
Function?

Back 34

temporary glycogen
low blood glucose levels--> temp. glycogen to glucose-->blood--> normal blood glucose levels

Front 35

Triglycerides in hepatocytes function to?

Back 35

give energy between meals

Front 36

Hepatocytes conversion of _____ to ______ when necessary

Back 36

fatty amino acids to glucose

Front 37

Peroxisomes function in liver
-________
-________ of ______
-synthesis of ____ and ____

Back 37

degradation of h202
beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acids
synthesis of bile acids and cholesterol

Front 38

Lysosomes main function?
________ of:

Back 38

intracellular digestion
extra/nonfunctional organelles

Front 39

Golgi Apparatus function?
_______ like the :

Back 39

Sorting and packing proteins lysosomal and peroxisomal enzymes

Front 40

Hepatocytes secretion of _____ containing: (5)

Back 40

proteins
electrolytes
water
bilirubin-- from aged erythrocytes
cholicacid

Front 41

Bilary caniculi
NO ______ present

Back 41

NO LINING PRESENT just adjacent hepatocyte plasma membranes

Front 42

Bile synthesized by?
secreated via?

Back 42

Hepatocytes
Bilary caniculi

Front 43

From bile canilculi to ______ (____ of lobules) to ______ to _____ to ______

Back 43

bilary ductules -periphery
bile duct
R&L Hepatic duct
gallbladder

Front 44

Lining of bile ductules and bile duct, hepatic duct: ______
lining called:

Back 44

simple columnar epithelieum
cholangiocytes

Front 45

Bile to duodenum to:

Back 45

amulsify fat

Front 46

Alcohol detoxification involves:
_______, ______, and ____ in _____

Back 46

ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase)
MEOS (microsomal ethanol oxidation system P450 enzymes in the SER) and catalase in peroxisomes

Front 47

Bile canaliculus defined as _____

Back 47

apical

Front 48

Junctional complexes defined as _____

Back 48

lateral

Front 49

Blood surface with the space of Disse and hepatic sinusoids is considered:

Back 49

basal

Front 50

Kupffer cells are derived from:

Back 50

monocytes

Front 51

Emphasizes the endocrine function of the liver?

Back 51

classic lobule

Front 52

Emphasizes the exocrine function of the liver?

Back 52

Portal lobule

Front 53

Emphasizes the actual blood supply and regeneration capacity of liver?

Back 53

Liver acinus

Front 54

GIT epithelium ______ except fro areas of maximal friction including?

Back 54

simple columnar
esophagus and anal canal

Front 55

Stomach glands in the _____ and ____ produce mucus
(_____ and _____ cells)

Back 55

fundus and body
surface and neck

Front 56

Parietal cells similar to _____ cells using _____ ____ to produce ___ that are pumped into:______ lined by ____ in:

Back 56

osteoclast
carbonic anhydrase
protons (H+)
intracellular canaliculi-microvilli in active parietal cells

Front 57

Inactive parietal cells the proton pumps are: ______ in the ____

Back 57

sequestered in tubulovesicles in the cytosol

Front 58

Pancreas has both _____ (____ cells) and _____ (____ cells) components that synthesize _____ _____ and _______ hormones repectively

Back 58

exocrine-acinar cells
endrocrine-islet cells
pancreatic juice and blood sugar regulating hormones

Front 59

Exocrine pancreas is primarily stimulated by the hormones _______ and ______ which primary regulate _____ and ____ secretions respectively

Back 59

cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin
acinar and ductal