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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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attribute data
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data that describe the characteristics of spacial features
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continuous features
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spatial features that exist between observations
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coverage
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an ESRI data format for topological vector data
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discrete features
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spatial features that do not exist between observations, form separate entities, and are individually distinguishable
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dynamic segmentation model
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a data model that allows the use of linearlu measured data on a coordinate system
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geodatabase data model
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an ESRI data model that is object-based
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georelational data model
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a vector data model that uses a split system to store spatial data and attribute data
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geospatial data
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data that describe both the locations and characteristics of spatial features on the earth's surface
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object-based data model
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a data model that use objects to organize spatial data and stores spatial data and attribute data in a single system
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projection
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the process of transforming from a geographic grid to a plane coordinate system
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raster data model
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a spatial data model that uses a grid and cells to represent the spatial variation of a feature
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regions
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higher-level vector data that can ave spatially disjoint components and can overlap one another
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relational database
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a collection of tables, which can be connected to each other by attributes whose values can uniquely identify a record in a table
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shapefile
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an ESRI data format for nontopogical vector data
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spatial data
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data that describe the geometry of spatial features
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spatial interpolation
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a process of using points with known values to estimate values at other points
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topology
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a subfield of math that is applied in GIS to ensure that the spatial relationships between features are expressed explicitly
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triangular irregular network (TIN)
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a data model that approximates the terrain with a set of nonoverlapping triangles
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vector data model
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a spatial data model that uses points and their x,y-coordinates to construct spatial features of points, lines, and areas (polygons)
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azimuthal projection
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one type of map projection that retains certain accurete direction- uses a plane as the projection surface
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central lines
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the central parallel and the central meridian- define the center or the origin of a map projection
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Clarke 1866
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a ground-measured spheroid, which is the bases for the north american datum of 1927
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JOHN SNOW
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dude who did cholera experiment in london
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John Snow's radical theory
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disease was waterborne (community pumps)
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geographic visualization
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allows us to visualize geographic data in 3D, or thru charts and graphs
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spatial queries
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allows us to ask where things are in relation to other things
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attribute queries
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attribute queries allows us to ask questions about the attributed of geospatial features
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buffer analysis
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allows us to analyze the relationships of objects based on DISTANCE
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spatial interpolation
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allows us to predict some value at a geographic location that we have not measured
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spatial overlay
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allows us to determine the relationship between different geographic areas
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network analysis
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allows us to find a path from one point ot another
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terrain analysis
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allows us to perform 3D analysis
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mathmatical functions
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allows us to apply algabraic, geometric, or statistical functions to geographic features
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purpose of classification
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reduce a large # of individuals to a smaller group (IE high, medium, and low zip codes), make general statements about phemoma
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choropleth maps
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have distinct color or shading to areas to represent classification
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dot-density maps
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each dot represents a given amount of data
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proportional symbol maps and pie charts
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size of symbol varies in proportion to the quantities it represents
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area cartogram
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polygon distorted so sixe reflects te value of attribute
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adjacency
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features that touch target features
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proximity
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based on distances within features of interest
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netwrok-based
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shortest route
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dissolve feature
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aggregates features tat have the same value for an attiribute that you specify
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merge feature
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sppends the features of 2 or more themes into a single theme, attributes will be retained if they have the same name- joins two or more themes that meet at a border
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overlay feature
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combines spatial coordinate and attribute data from 2 or more spatial data layers- vertical stacking and berging of info into a new layer
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three types of Overlay
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Polygon to polygon, point in polygon, line in polygon
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conformal projection
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preserves local shapes
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conic projection
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uses a cone as the projection surface
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cylindrical prjection
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uses a cylinder as projection surface
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equidistant projection
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maintains the consistency of scale for certain distances
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equivalent projections
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represents area in correct relative size
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false easting
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a value applied to the origin of a coordinate system to change the X coordinate readings
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false northing
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a value added to the origin of a coordinate system to change the Y coordinate readings
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lambert conformal conic projection
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a common map projection-basis for SPC system for many states
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transverse mercator projection
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a common map projection-basis for UTM grid system and SPC system
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