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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Toblers First Law of Geography
Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things
Representations -
Help us assemble far more knowledge about the earth
Digital representation
low cost, and simplicity allows for many uses
Geographic representation
deals with the earths surface or near surface.
Binary System
all of the earths data is ultimately reduced to binary
Age of Discovery
Maps became vital pieces of information
Key GIS representation issues
What to represent and how to represent it.
Geographic data links?
place, time, and attributes.
Classification of geographic attributes
nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio, cyclic.
Two fundamental ways of representing geography
discrete objects and continuous fields
Continuous field view
represents the real world as a finite number of variables, each one defined at every possible position.
discrete object view
represents the geographic world as objects with well-defined boundaries in otherwise empty spaces
What are the methods of representing data in a computer?
Raster and vector methods
Raster representations
divide the world into arras of cells and assign attributes to the cells
Paper Map
a source of data for geographic databases, an analog product from a GIS, and an effective communication tool
digital line graph
every geographic feature is shown on the map is represented as a point, polyline, or polygon. Symbols are replaced with associated attributes
digital raster graph
map is scanned at a very high density using small pixels so the raster looks like the original.
generalization rules
simplification, smoothing, aggregations, amalgamation, merging, collapse, refinement, exaggeration, enhancement, displacement.
weeding
is the process of simplifying a line or area by reducing the number ofpoints in its representation