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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"Gilded Age" |
the late 19th century as an era with surface of great prosperity hiding deep problems of social inequality and shallowness of culture; the term comes from the title of an 1873 Mark Twain novel
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Pure Capitalism
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Pure Capitalism an economic system characterized by the private ownership of resources and the use of prices to coordinate economic activity in unregulated markets
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Gospel of Wealth
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Gospel of Wealth based on the Puritan philosophy that God blesses those who work had. Gave rise to belief that government should not interfere in God's plan
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Social Darwinism
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Social Darwinism based on Herbert Spencer's Social Statics and Charles Darwin's biological evolution. Supported the belief that government should not interfere with the process of "survival of the fittest"
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American Beauty Rose
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American Beauty Rose theory In order to grow the most beautiful rose, you need to cut all of the others. In another way, if you want to own a best company, you need to "cut" other companies
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Trust
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Trust a group of corporations in the same or related fields that are combined under a single board of directors that controls the actions of all member corporations
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Monopoly
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Monopoly control of a product or service by one company
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Pooling
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Pooling a secret agreement among companies in one field for the purposes of fixing prices and/or dividing sales territory
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"Robber Baron"
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"Robber Baron" a business leader who became wealthy through dishonest methods
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"Captain of Industry"
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"Captain of Industry" Term used to describe people who do business in good way and served nation in positive way such as increasing products supply by building factory, raising production, & expanding markets. They also build libraries, universities, and other public services
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Northern Securities Company
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Northern Securities Company A railroad monopoly formed by J.P. Morgan and James J. Hill which violated Sherman Antitrust Act
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Carnegie Steel Company
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Carnegie Steel Company largest manufacturer of steel in the world
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Standard Oil Company
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Standard Oil Company Founded by John D. Rockefeller. Largest unit in the American oil industry in 1881. Known as A.D. Trust, it was outlawed by the Supreme Court of Ohio in 1899. Replaced by the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey.
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New York Central Railroad
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New York Central Railroad Ran from New York City to Chicago and operated more than 4,500 miles of track.
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Pennsylvania Railroad
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Pennsylvania Railroad founded in 1846; the largest railroad by traffic and revenue in the U.S. for the first half of the twentieth century and was at one time the largest publicly traded corporation in the world. At the end of 1925 it operated 10,515 miles of rail line
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Clayton Antitrust Act
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Clayton Antitrust Act strengthened the Sherman Act by making certain practices illegal
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"New Freedom"
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"New Freedom" program "to clear away any special privilege and put all classes on an equal footing"
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Populism
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Populism a political movement involving mostly farmers in the late 1800's seeking to limit the power of big business and give greater say in the government process to individuals
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Populist Party
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Populist Party a third party organized n 1892
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Farmer's Alliance
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Farmer's Alliance regional organizations of farmers begun in the 1800'
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National Grange
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National Grange an organization of farmers begun in Illinois in 1867
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Muckraker
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Muckraker writers who wanted to expose the misdeeds of business and politic, hoping to bring needed reform
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Social Gospel Movement
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Social Gospel Movement a 19th century reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty
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Haymarket Riot
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Haymarket Riot 100,000 workers rioted in Chicago. After the police fired into the crowd, the workers met and rallied in Haymarket Square to protest police brutality. A bomb exploded, killing or injuring many of the police. The Chicago workers and the man who set the bomb were immigrants, so the incident promoted anti-immigrant feelings.
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American Federation of Labo
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American Federation of Labor founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers as a union for unskilled or skilled workers only
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Homestead Steel Strike
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Homestead Steel Strike In 1892- one of the most violent strikes in America at the Carnegie Steel Company. 7 people died. 300 Pinkerton detectives were hired and there was a battle where they ultimately surrendered.
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Pullman Strike
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Pullman Strike in Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing
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Knights of Labor
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Knights of Labor founded in 1869 by Uriah Stephens as an organization for all workers, both skilled and unskilled, and regardless of race, gender, or national origin
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Granger laws
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Granger laws A set of laws designed to address railroad discrimination against small farmers, covering issues like freight rates and railroad rebates.
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Interstate commerce
|
Interstate commerce act the first federal law regulating business activity; directed at railroads
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Sherman antitrust
|
Sherman antitrust act passed so that the federal government could deal more effective with monopolies
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Pendleton Civil Service Act
|
1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons
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keating-Owen Child Labor Act c
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Keating-Owen Child Labor Act created a minimum working age and restricted child labor
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Federal Trade Commission
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Federal Trade Commission created the FTC to investigate businesses and enforce the Clayton Act
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Federal Reserve Act
|
Federal Reserve Act created 12 District Banks, a Federal Reserve Board, and gave the FED the power to regulate money in circulation
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Underwood Tariff
|
Underwood Tariff reduced import duties on 958 goods
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"New Freedom"
|
"New Freedom" program "to clear away any special privilege and put all classes on an equal footing"
|
|
|
Payne- Aldrich Tariff
|
Payne- Aldrich Tariff raised import duties on 600 goods
|
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Hepburn Act
|
Hepburn Act permitted the ICC to set "just and reasonable" railroad rates, prohibited special rebates
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The Jungle
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The Jungle written by Upton Sinclair a muckraker
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Meat Inspection Act
|
Meat Inspection Act gave officials the power to check the quality of meats shipped in interstate commerce
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|
Pure Food and Drug Act
|
banned the manufacture and sale of impure foods, drugs, and liquors; required the truthful labeling of commercial medicines
|
|
|
elimination trusts
|
elimination trusts (groups of businesses working together) to ensure competition's prices are low
|
|
|
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
|
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory this factory kept doors locked to avoid theft trapping workers inside when a fire erupted; alerted reformers to the terrible conditions of industrial workers
|
|
|
Hull House
|
Settlement house founded by progressive reformer Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889
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|
Chautauqua movement
|
One of the first adult education programs. Started in 1874 as a summer training program for Sunday School teachers, it developed into a travelling lecture series and adult summer school which traversed the country providing religious and secular education though lectures and classes.
|
|
|
Interstate commerce act
|
Interstate commerce act the first federal law regulating business activity; directed at railroads
|
|
|
"Old Immigrant"
|
"Old Immigrant" immigrants from northern and western Europe who came to America before 1880
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"New Immigrant"
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"New Immigrant" immigrants from southern and eastern Europe who came to america after 1880
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Nativism
|
Nativism the belief that native-born Americans are superior to foreigners
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Chinese Exclusion Act
|
Chinese Exclusion Act it forbade Chinese from entering the U.S. for a period of 10 years. The act could be renewed by Congress for additional periods of 10 years. It renewed until after World War II
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Immigration Act of 1882
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Immigration Act of 1882 it created a head tax of .50 cents on each immigrant entering the U.S. and it required a health examination for all immigrants entering the country
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Ellis Island
|
Ellis Island an island in New York Bay that was formerly the principal immigration station for the United States
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Gentlemen's Agreement
|
Gentlemen's Agreement Agreement when Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the US and in exchange Roosevelt agreed to allow the wives of the Japenese men already living in the US to join them
|
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16th Amendment
|
16th Amendment graduated income tax (1913)
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17th Amendment
|
17th Amendment direct election of U.S. Senators
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19th Amendment
|
19th Amendment women's suffrage
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Square Deal
|
Square Deal President Theodore Roosevelt's plan for reform; all Americans are entitled to an equal opportinity to succeed
|
|
|
Muckraker
|
Muckraker writers who wanted to expose the misdeeds of business and politic, hoping to bring needed reform
|
|
|
Election of 1912
|
Election of 1912 When the Republican's votes were split between Taft and Roosevelt, the Democrats stayed together and elected Wilson as President. The Republicans had no chance because they had two candidates running.
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Niagara Movement
|
Niagara Movement in 1905 Dubois started this movement at Niagara Falls, and four years later joined with white progressives sympathetic to their cause to form NAACP, the new organization later led to the drive for equal rights.
|
|
|
Tuskegee Institute
|
Tuskegee Institute Booker T. Washington built this school to educate black students on learning how to support themselves and prosper
|
|
|
"Gilded Age"
|
the late 19th century as an era with surface of great prosperity hiding deep problems of social inequality and shallowness of culture; the term comes from the title of an 1873 Mark Twain novel
|
|
|
Pure Capitalism
|
Pure Capitalism an economic system characterized by the private ownership of resources and the use of prices to coordinate economic activity in unregulated markets
|
|
|
Gospel of Wealth
|
Gospel of Wealth based on the Puritan philosophy that God blesses those who work had. Gave rise to belief that government should not interfere in God's plan
|
|
|
Social Darwinism
|
Social Darwinism based on Herbert Spencer's Social Statics and Charles Darwin's biological evolution. Supported the belief that government should not interfere with the process of "survival of the fittest"
|
|
|
American Beauty Rose
|
American Beauty Rose theory In order to grow the most beautiful rose, you need to cut all of the others. In another way, if you want to own a best company, you need to "cut" other companies
|
|
|
Trust
|
Trust a group of corporations in the same or related fields that are combined under a single board of directors that controls the actions of all member corporations
|
|
|
Monopoly
|
Monopoly control of a product or service by one company
|
|
|
Pooling
|
Pooling a secret agreement among companies in one field for the purposes of fixing prices and/or dividing sales territory
|
|
|
"Robber Baron"
|
"Robber Baron" a business leader who became wealthy through dishonest methods
|
|
|
"Captain of Industry"
|
"Captain of Industry" Term used to describe people who do business in good way and served nation in positive way such as increasing products supply by building factory, raising production, & expanding markets. They also build libraries, universities, and other public services
|
|
|
Northern Securities Company
|
Northern Securities Company A railroad monopoly formed by J.P. Morgan and James J. Hill which violated Sherman Antitrust Act
|
|
|
Carnegie Steel Company
|
Carnegie Steel Company largest manufacturer of steel in the world
|
|
|
Standard Oil Company
|
Standard Oil Company Founded by John D. Rockefeller. Largest unit in the American oil industry in 1881. Known as A.D. Trust, it was outlawed by the Supreme Court of Ohio in 1899. Replaced by the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey.
|
|
|
New York Central Railroad
|
New York Central Railroad Ran from New York City to Chicago and operated more than 4,500 miles of track.
|
|
|
Pennsylvania Railroad
|
Pennsylvania Railroad founded in 1846; the largest railroad by traffic and revenue in the U.S. for the first half of the twentieth century and was at one time the largest publicly traded corporation in the world. At the end of 1925 it operated 10,515 miles of rail line
|
|
|
Clayton Antitrust Act
|
Clayton Antitrust Act strengthened the Sherman Act by making certain practices illegal
|
|
|
"New Freedom"
|
"New Freedom" program "to clear away any special privilege and put all classes on an equal footing"
|
|
|
Populism
|
Populism a political movement involving mostly farmers in the late 1800's seeking to limit the power of big business and give greater say in the government process to individuals
|
|
|
Populist Party
|
Populist Party a third party organized n 1892
|
|
|
Farmer's Alliance
|
Farmer's Alliance regional organizations of farmers begun in the 1800'
|
|
|
National Grange
|
National Grange an organization of farmers begun in Illinois in 1867
|
|
|
Muckraker
|
Muckraker writers who wanted to expose the misdeeds of business and politic, hoping to bring needed reform
|
|
|
Social Gospel Movement
|
Social Gospel Movement a 19th century reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty
|
|
|
Haymarket Riot
|
Haymarket Riot 100,000 workers rioted in Chicago. After the police fired into the crowd, the workers met and rallied in Haymarket Square to protest police brutality. A bomb exploded, killing or injuring many of the police. The Chicago workers and the man who set the bomb were immigrants, so the incident promoted anti-immigrant feelings.
|
|
|
American Federation of Labo
|
American Federation of Labor founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers as a union for unskilled or skilled workers only
|
|
|
Homestead Steel Strike
|
Homestead Steel Strike In 1892- one of the most violent strikes in America at the Carnegie Steel Company. 7 people died. 300 Pinkerton detectives were hired and there was a battle where they ultimately surrendered.
|
|
|
Pullman Strike
|
Pullman Strike in Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing
|
|
|
Knights of Labor
|
Knights of Labor founded in 1869 by Uriah Stephens as an organization for all workers, both skilled and unskilled, and regardless of race, gender, or national origin
|
|
|
Granger laws
|
Granger laws A set of laws designed to address railroad discrimination against small farmers, covering issues like freight rates and railroad rebates.
|
|
|
Interstate commerce
|
Interstate commerce act the first federal law regulating business activity; directed at railroads
|
|
|
Sherman antitrust
|
Sherman antitrust act passed so that the federal government could deal more effective with monopolies
|
|
|
Pendleton Civil Service Act
|
1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons
|
|
|
keating-Owen Child Labor Act c
|
Keating-Owen Child Labor Act created a minimum working age and restricted child labor
|
|
|
Federal Trade Commission
|
Federal Trade Commission created the FTC to investigate businesses and enforce the Clayton Act
|
|
|
Federal Reserve Act
|
Federal Reserve Act created 12 District Banks, a Federal Reserve Board, and gave the FED the power to regulate money in circulation
|
|
|
Underwood Tariff
|
Underwood Tariff reduced import duties on 958 goods
|
|
|
"New Freedom"
|
"New Freedom" program "to clear away any special privilege and put all classes on an equal footing"
|
|
|
Payne- Aldrich Tariff
|
Payne- Aldrich Tariff raised import duties on 600 goods
|
|
|
Hepburn Act
|
Hepburn Act permitted the ICC to set "just and reasonable" railroad rates, prohibited special rebates
|
|
|
The Jungle
|
The Jungle written by Upton Sinclair a muckraker
|
|
|
Meat Inspection Act
|
Meat Inspection Act gave officials the power to check the quality of meats shipped in interstate commerce
|
|
|
Pure Food and Drug Act
|
banned the manufacture and sale of impure foods, drugs, and liquors; required the truthful labeling of commercial medicines
|
|
|
elimination trusts
|
elimination trusts (groups of businesses working together) to ensure competition's prices are low
|
|
|
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
|
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory this factory kept doors locked to avoid theft trapping workers inside when a fire erupted; alerted reformers to the terrible conditions of industrial workers
|
|
|
Hull House
|
Settlement house founded by progressive reformer Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889
|
|
|
Chautauqua movement
|
One of the first adult education programs. Started in 1874 as a summer training program for Sunday School teachers, it developed into a travelling lecture series and adult summer school which traversed the country providing religious and secular education though lectures and classes.
|
|
|
Interstate commerce act
|
Interstate commerce act the first federal law regulating business activity; directed at railroads
|
|
|
"Old Immigrant"
|
"Old Immigrant" immigrants from northern and western Europe who came to America before 1880
|
|
|
"New Immigrant"
|
"New Immigrant" immigrants from southern and eastern Europe who came to america after 1880
|
|
|
Nativism
|
Nativism the belief that native-born Americans are superior to foreigners
|
|
|
Chinese Exclusion Act
|
Chinese Exclusion Act it forbade Chinese from entering the U.S. for a period of 10 years. The act could be renewed by Congress for additional periods of 10 years. It renewed until after World War II
|
|
|
Immigration Act of 1882
|
Immigration Act of 1882 it created a head tax of .50 cents on each immigrant entering the U.S. and it required a health examination for all immigrants entering the country
|
|
|
Ellis Island
|
Ellis Island an island in New York Bay that was formerly the principal immigration station for the United States
|
|
|
Gentlemen's Agreement
|
Gentlemen's Agreement Agreement when Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the US and in exchange Roosevelt agreed to allow the wives of the Japenese men already living in the US to join them
|
|
|
16th Amendment
|
16th Amendment graduated income tax (1913)
|
|
|
17th Amendment
|
17th Amendment direct election of U.S. Senators
|
|
|
19th Amendment
|
19th Amendment women's suffrage
|
|
|
Square Deal
|
Square Deal President Theodore Roosevelt's plan for reform; all Americans are entitled to an equal opportinity to succeed
|
|
|
Muckraker
|
Muckraker writers who wanted to expose the misdeeds of business and politic, hoping to bring needed reform
|
|
|
Election of 1912
|
Election of 1912 When the Republican's votes were split between Taft and Roosevelt, the Democrats stayed together and elected Wilson as President. The Republicans had no chance because they had two candidates running.
|
|
|
Niagara Movement
|
Niagara Movement in 1905 Dubois started this movement at Niagara Falls, and four years later joined with white progressives sympathetic to their cause to form NAACP, the new organization later led to the drive for equal rights. |
|
|
Tuskegee Institute
|
Tuskegee Institute Booker T. Washington built this school to educate black students on learning how to support themselves and prosper
|
