Gilded Age And Progressive Movement

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Rockefeller put together the largest unit in the American oil industry in 1881.

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John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil

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the owners of big businesses who made large amounts of money by cheating the Federal gov't. They were associated with the concept of______ ________ gov't, a theory that the economy does better without gov't intervention in business.

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Robber Barons; laissez faire

Front 3

One of the most prolific inventors in US history. He invented the phonograph, light bulb, electric battery, mimeograph and moving picture with his geniuses assembled in Menlo Park, NJ.

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Thomas Edison

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Firms or corps that combine for the purpose of reducing competition and controlling prices (est. a monopoly). There are anti-trust laws to prevent these monopolies.

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Trusts

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1890- A federal law that committed the American gov't to opposing monopolies, it prohibits contracts, combinations, and conspiracies in restraint of trade.

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Sherman Anti-Trust Act

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the owners of big businesses who made large amounts of money by cheating the Federal gov't. They were associated with the concept of______ ________ gov't, a theory that the economy does better without gov't intervention in business.

Back 6

Robber Barons; laissez faire

Front 7

Uriah Stephens and Terence Powderly: An American labor union originally established as a secret fraternal order and noted as the first union of all workers. Uriah Stephens and a number of fellow workers founded it in 1869 in Phila. Powderly was elected head of it in 1883.

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Knights of Labor

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began in 1886 with about 140, 000 members; by 1917 it had 2.5 million members. It is a federation of different unions. Samuel Gompers was the first president of it; he combined unions to increase their strength.

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American Federation of Labor (AFL)

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July 1877- a large number of railroad workers went on strike because of wage cuts. After a month of strikes, President Hayes sent troops to stop the rioting. The worst railroad violence was in Pittsburgh, with over 40 people killed by militia.

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Great Railroad Strike

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100,000 workers rioted in Chicago. After the police fired into the crowd, the workers met and railed in Haymarket Square to protest police brutality. A bomb exploded, killing or injuring many of the police. The Chicago workers and the man who set the bomb were immigrants, so the incident promoted anti-immigrant feelings.

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Haymarket Strike Riot

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The workers at a steel plain in PA. went on strike, forcing the owner to close down. Armed guards were hired to protect the building. The strikers attacked for 5 months, and then gave in to peace demands.

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Homestead Strike

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1894: started by enraged workers who were part of George Pullman's "model town", it began when Pullman fired 3 workers on a committee. Pullman refused to negotiate and troops were brought in to ensure that trains would continue to run. When orders for Pullman cars slacked off, Pullman cut wages, but did not cut rents or store prices.

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Pullman Strike

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leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman Strike. He was jailed for 6 months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over.

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Eugene V. Debs

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The 2nd major wave of immigration to the US; between 1865-1910, 25 million new immigrants arrived. Unlike earlier immigration, which had come primarily from Western and Northern Europe, the New Immigrants came mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe, fleeing persecution and poverty. Language barriers and cultural differences produced mistrusts by Americans.

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"New Immigration"

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Social reformer who worked to improve the lives of the working class. In 1889 she founded Hull House in Chicago, the first private social welfare agency in the US, to assist the poor, combat juvenile delinquency and help immigrants learn to speak English.

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Jane Addams, Hull house

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Denied citizenship to Chinese in the US and forbid further immigration of Chinese. Supported by American workers who worried about losing their jobs to Chinese immigrants who would work for less pay.

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Chinese Exclusion Act 1882

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An educator who urged blacks to better themselves through education and economic advancement, rather than by trying to attain equal rights. He founded the 1st formal schools for blacks, the Tuskegee Institute.

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Booker T. Washington

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Helped found the NAACP. He disagreed with Booker T. Washington's theories and took a more militant position on race relations.

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W.E.B. Du Bois

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"Seperate but equal: Plessy was a black man who had been instructed by the NAACP to refuse to ride in a train car reserved for blacks. The NAACP hoped to force a court decision on segregation. However, the Supreme Court ruled against Plessy and the NAACP, saying that segregated facilities for whites and blacks were legal as long as the facilities were of equal quality.

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Plessy v. Ferguson

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State laws, which created a racial case system in the South. They included the laws, which prevented blacks from voting and those that created separate facilities.

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Jim Crow Laws

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1862 provided free land in the West to anyone who was willing to settle there and develop it.

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Homestead Act

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1887 it tried to dissolve Indian Tribes by redistributing the land. Designed to forestall growing Indian poverty, it resulted in many Indians losing their lands to speculators.

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Dawes Severalty Act

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Thomas Edison- electric light bulb-24 hour factories...Alexander Graham Bell-telephone-improved communication.....Railroad & Reaper-open Great Plains to settlement

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Inventors/Inventions

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houses built exclusively for many families or tenants

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Tenement

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allowing trade, business and industry to operate without any gov't interference.

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Laissez Faire Capitalism

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mass movement of African Americans from the South to the cities and factories of the North.

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Great Migration

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a type of business organization that has the advantage of limited liability; you can only lose what you invest.

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Corporation

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the reception center for immigrants entering the US at NY

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Ellis Island

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Rockefeller/ oil, Carnegie/steel, Morgan/ finance, Vanderbilt/shipping (RR)

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Industrialist

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new immigrants retained traditional culture (food, religion, language) while also adapting the life of their adopted country.

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Melting Pot