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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 principal layers of the digestive tract
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mucosa
submucosa (dense, irregular CT) muscularis externa adventitia (fixed to abdominal wall) or serosa (surrounded by mesothelium) |
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3 divisions of the mucosa
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lining epithelium
lamina propria (loose CT) muscularis mucosae |
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lamina propria contains (5)
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blood vessels
lymphatic vessels lymphatic tissue plasma cells eosinophils |
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muscularis mucosae contains
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a single thin layer of smooth muscle
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submucosa contains (4)
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blood vessels
lymphatic vessels glands (esophagus and duodenum only) Meissner's (submucosal) plexus |
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muscularis externa contains (2)
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two thick layers of smooth muscle:
- inner circular layer - outer longitudinal layer Auerbach's (myenteric) plexus - situated between circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers |
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adventitia is defined by
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digestive tract being fixed directly to the abdominal or pelvic wall
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serosa is defined by
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presence of mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium)
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adventitia or serosa contains (4)
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connective tissue
blood vessels lymphatic vessels nerves |
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muscle type found in tongue
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bundles of skeletal muscle (run in all three planes)
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types of lingual papillae (4)
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filiform papillae
fungiform papillae foliate papillae circumvallate papillae |
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Filiform papillae:
*taste buds? *epithelium |
taste buds?: no
stratified squamous keratinized epithelium |
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Fungiform papillae:
*taste buds? *epithelium |
taste budgs?: yes (dorsal surface)
stratified squamous epithelium |
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Foliate & Circumvallate papillae:
*taste buds? *epithelium |
taste buds?: yes (lateral surface)
stratified squamous epithelium |
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components of mucosa of esophagus (4)
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stratified squamous epithelium
lamina propria muscularis mucosae esophageal cardiac glands (secrete mucous, more prominent near stomach) |
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components of submucosa of esophagus (2)
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CT
esophageal glands proper (secrete mucous) *esophagus is one of two sections of the GI tract which contains glands in its submucosa* |
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components of muscularis externa of esophagus:
*upper 1/3 *middle 1/3 *lower 1/3 |
upper 1/3: skeletal muscle
middle 1/3: skeletal & smooth muscle lower 1/3: smooth muscle |
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location of adventitia and serosa of esophagus
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adventitia - above diaphragm
serosa - below diaphragm |
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composition of upper esophageal sphincter (UES)
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skeletal muscle
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composition of lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
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smooth muscle
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Anatomical regions of the stomach (4)
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cardia (where esophagus meets the stomach)
fundus (section above invisible line drawn from cardia to body of stomach) body pylorus |
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Histological regions of the stomach (3)
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cardia
fundus/body (histologically identical) pylorus |
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rugae are
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temporary longitudinal folds of the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach (disappear when the stomach is full)
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composition of mucosa of the stomach (5)
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simple columnar epithelium with surface mucous cells
gastric pits mucosal glands lamina propria muscularis mucosae |
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function of gastric pits
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serve as ducts for mucosal glands
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types of mucosal glands (3)
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cardiac
fundic/gastric pyloric |
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parts of a mucosal gland (3)
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isthmus
neck base |
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Cardiac glands:
*physical features (pits and glands) *secrete |
*physical features: short pits and short, coiled glands
*secrete: mucuous (major), lysozyme (minor), HCl (minor) |
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Fundic/Gastric glands:
*physical features (pits and glands) *secrete |
*physical features: medium pits and long, straight glands
*secrete: mucuous (mucous neck cells), HCl (parietal cells), pepsinogen (chief cells) |
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4 cells types found in fundic/gastric glands
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mucous neck cells
parietal (oxyntic) cells chief cells enteroendocrine cells |
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Pyloric glands:
*physical features (pits and glands) *secrete |
*physical features: very long pits and short, slightly coiled glands
*secrete: mucous (major), HCl (minor) |
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3 cell types found within pyloric glands
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mucous cells
parietal (oxyntic) cells enteroendocrine cells |
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composition of the muscularis externa of the stomach
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oblique layer of smooth muscle
inncer circular layer of smooth muscle outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle |
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surface mucous cells secrete
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neutral mucous
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mucous neck cells secrete
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acidic mucous
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parietal (oxyntic) cells secrete (2)
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HCl
intrinsic factor |
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chief cells synthesize (2)
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pepsinogen
gastric lipase |
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enteroendocrine cells produce (3)
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gastrin
somatostatin motillin |