Gi Tract Histology And Anatomy

Front 1

Epithelium of the Esophageal Mucosa

Back 1

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Front 2

Three layers of the Mucosa of the esophagus

Back 2

1. Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
2. Lamina Propia: connective tissue, lymphatic tissue and mucouse secreting cardiac glands
3. Musclaris mucosa: longitudinal

Front 3

What does the submucosa of the esophagus contain?

Back 3

connective tissue, Blood vessels, lymphatic network, nerve fibers, submucosal glands that secrete mucin and lubricants

Front 4

What does the muscularis externa contain in the esophagus?

Back 4

inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle.

Front 5

Where is the skeletal muscle found in the esophagus

Back 5

upper one third

Front 6

Where is there a combination of skeletal and smooth muscle in the esophagus?

Back 6

In the middle third portion of the muscularis externa

Front 7

Which two parts of the GI tract have tubular glands?

Back 7

Stomach and the large intesting...the small intestine has plicae, or villi

Front 8

Where are lymphoid aggregates found?

Back 8

The submucosa

Front 9

What are rugae?

Back 9

Longitudinal folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the the stomach

Front 10

What are the 5 sections of the stomach?

Back 10

Cardia, fundus, body, antrum and pylorus

Front 11

What is the epithelium of the mucosa of the stomach?

Back 11

Simple Columnar epithelium

Front 12

What type of glands are seen in the Lamina propria of the stomach's mucosa?

Back 12

Gastric glands...there are 4 types

Front 13

Mucous Neck Cell

Back 13

Gastic gland in the lamina propria of the stomach mucosa.
less viscous mucous than surface mucous cells

Front 14

Parietal (oxyntic) cells

Back 14

Gastic gland in the lamina propria of the stomach mucosa.
upper 1/2 of glands
secretes HCl: low pH
gastric intrinsic factor: absorption of B12
H-K-ATPase Proton pump: receptors for gastrin

Front 15

Chief Cells

Back 15

Gastic gland in the lamina propria of the stomach mucosa.
lower 1/2 of gastric glands
pyrimid shaped
protein secreting
PEPSINOGEN, renin and lipase

Front 16

Where are plicae circularis found?

Back 16

The mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine. They protrude into the lumen

Front 17

what are villi lined with and where are they found?

Back 17

Villi are in the small intestines on the plicae cirularis and they are lined by simple columnar epithelial cells (enterocytes)

Front 18

Lacteal

Back 18

a central, blind-ending lymphatic capillary found in the core of the villus

Front 19

crypts of Lieberkuhn

Back 19

tubular glands that extend down from the base of the villi to the muscularis mucosa (intestinal glands)

Front 20

What is the mucosa epithelium comprised of in the small intesting?

Back 20

enterocytes, goblet cells, endocrine cells, paneth cells and stem cells

Front 21

Enterocytes

Back 21

absorption
simple collumnar cells with apical microvilli

Front 22

Glycocalyx

Back 22

filamentous coat found on the apical surface of enterocytes in the mucosa of the small intestine. It contains enzymes: disaccharidases and peptidases

Front 23

What contains the receptor for intrinsic factor vitamin B12

Back 23

the plasma membrane-glycocalyx complex (mucosa of small intestine)

Front 24

Goblet cell

Back 24

mucosa of small intestine: secrete mucin

Front 25

Paneth cells

Back 25

found in base of intestinal glands (mucosa of small intestine)
containe eosinophilic granules filled with antibacterial enzyme, lysozyme

Front 26

Endocrine cells

Back 26

lower third of the crypt of the intestinal glands (mucosa of small intestines)
secrete hormones and peptides
-serotonin, somatostatin, enteroglucagon, secretin, gastrin, motilin

Front 27

Stem cells

Back 27

uncommitted cells that replenish other cells found in the lower third of the crypt

Front 28

Lamina propia in the small intestines

Back 28

part of the mucosa layer, seen in the core of the villi
blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and lymphatic tissue

Front 29

Peyers Patches

Back 29

found in the lamina propia (mucosa) of the ileum
large aggregates of lymphatic tissue

Front 30

Three layers of the mucosa of the small intestines

Back 30

Epithelium, lamina propia, muscularis mucosa (smooth)

Front 31

Brunner's Glands

Back 31

in the submucosa of the duodenum
secrete mucus and BICARBONATE to protect the duodenal mucosa

Front 32

Muscularis externa of small intestine

Back 32

inner circular and outer longitudinal bands of smooth muscle

Front 33

Function of Large Intestines

Back 33

absorb water and solube salts
goblet cells are abundant to allow passage of fecal mass

Front 34

What comprises the epithelium of the large intestines? (mucosa)

Back 34

Simple columnar cells with apical microvilli
goblet cells
endocrine cells
stem cells

Front 35

What is the muscularis proper of the large intestines?

Back 35

inner circular smooth muscle with DISCONTINUOUS outer layer of longitudinal muscle in bundles.

Front 36

Taenia coli

Back 36

the muscularis proper of the large intestines, allows segments of the colon to contract independently to form saccules in colon wall

Front 37

Appendix

Back 37

blind ended diverticulum in the CAECUM.

Front 38

.Salivary Glands

Back 38

initiates the digestion of carbs, secrete lysozyme and IgA

Front 39

Exocrine portion of Pancreas

Back 39

serous, compound tubuloacinar gland with acinar cells and duct system

Front 40

Zymogen granules

Back 40

in the acinar cells (basophilic) that contain several pro-enzymes

Front 41

Where does the duct system of the pancreas take secretions of exocrine pancreas to?

Back 41

papilla of vater

Front 42

What controls the exocrine secretions of the pancreas?

Back 42

cholecystokinin and secretin- hormones produced by the enteroendocrine cells of the duodenum

Front 43

secretin

Back 43

stimulates pancreas to release enzyme-poor alkaline fluid by intercalated duct cells

Front 44

Acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas

Back 44

acinar cells that are stimulated by cholecytokinin to secrete proenzymes and enzymes

Front 45

Islets of Langerhans

Back 45

Endocrine component of pancreas, clusters of epithelial cells

Front 46

Islet cells

Back 46

composed of several cell types that produce only one type of hormone

Front 47

beta cells

Back 47

insulin

Front 48

delta cells

Back 48

somatostatin (inhibits release of hormones by nearby secretory cells)

Front 49

G cells

Back 49

gastrin: stimulates gastric HCl secretion

Front 50

PP cells

Back 50

Pancreatic polypeptide: inhibits release of exocrine pancreatic secretions

Front 51

function of the Liver

Back 51

exocrine and endocrine functions that synthesize complex molecules from substances absorbed by the intestine and breaks down toxic substances

Front 52

What comprises the classic liver lobule?

Back 52

a hexagonal shape with plates of hepatocytes that radiate from the central vein towards the periphery, separated by sinusoids.
Portal area: portal canals and triad)
Space of Disse: site of exchange of materials between blood and hepatocytes

Front 53

Liver sinusoids composition

Back 53

modified capullaries
lined by endothelial cells that have large fenestrations and contain macrophages

Front 54

perisinusoidal space of Disse

Back 54

space that separates the endothelial cells and hepatocytes in the liver sinusoids

Front 55

Kupffer cells

Back 55

macrophages in the endothelial lining of the liver sinusoids

Front 56

Where is Vitamin A stored?

Back 56

hepatic stallate cells: in space of disse of liver

Front 57

Bile

Back 57

exocrine secretion that consists of conjugated degraded waste products that are returned to the intestine. Also has substaces that bind to metabolites in the intestine to enhance absorption.

Front 58

How is Bile excreted?

Back 58

through the system of ducts in the liver, bile canaliculi and to the hepatic ducts to the gull bladder

Front 59

Metabolite storage in liver

Back 59

glycogen and triglycerides

Front 60

functions of gull bladder

Back 60

concentrating, storing and releasing bile

Front 61

stimulation of the contraction of the gull bladders wall

Back 61

cholecystokinin