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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dietary reference intakes (DRIs), 4 reference values
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Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
Adequate Intake (AI) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) |
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Sources of Vitamin A
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Retinoids (egg yolks, dairy)
Carotenoids (yellow/red fruits/veggies, dark leafy greens) |
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When does plasma retinol change/dec?
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about 1 month (quicker in liver)
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Signs of vit A deficiency
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ocular changes, rough scaly skin, loss of apetite
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Causes of Vit A deficiency
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GI/fat malabsorption
chronic nephritis, intestinal parasites, alcoholism |
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Signs of Vit A toxicity
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bone/muscle pain, cirrhosis, dry itchy skin, conjunctivitis
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2 sources of vitamin D
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hormone from sterols in body by UV light on skin
food (vit D2 (plant), vit D3 (fish/mammal)) |
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Primary source of 2nd hydroxylation step of Vit D
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kidney
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Vit D deficiency (severe)
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rickets and osteomalacia
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Persons at risk for Vit D deficiency
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exclusively breastfed infants
AA children Adults >50yr Limited sun exposure strict vegetarians individuals w/ fat malabsorptive disorders alcoholics |
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Sources of Vit E
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vegetable oils, nuts, leafy greens, fortified cereals
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Function of Vit E
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potent antioxidant, immune function, DNA repair
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Signs of Vit E deficiency
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neuro problems with nerve degeneration (rare)
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Sources of Vit K
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dark leafy greens, broccoli, cabbages
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Functions of Vitamin K
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blood coagulation, healthy bones
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Vit K key use/toxicity
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may reduce effectiveness of Warfarin, inc risk of clotting
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Causes of vit C deficiency
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smoking, severe malabsorption
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Clinical signs of Vit C def
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scurvy, gum, dental, dry hair and skin, anemia
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Deficiency of what vitamin causes Beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
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thiamine deficiency
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Deficiency of niacin
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pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death)
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Clinical signs of B6 deficiency
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dermatitis, glossitis, convulsions
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toxicity of iodine
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elevated TSH
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What can cause loss of taste perception?
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zinc deficiency (milder)
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