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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is absorption referred to as?
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the transfer of nutrients from the intestines into the blood |
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what does peristalsis do?
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moves food substances along the intestinal tract |
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what is metabolism?
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the sum of many physical and chemical processes of the absorbed nutrients |
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what does metabolic activity involve? |
the synthesis of substances needed to build, maintain, and repair body tissues (anabolism) |
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what do postoperative adhesions sometimes cause? |
an intestinal obsrtuction |
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what are adhesions? |
bands of scar tissue that bind two anatomical surfaces together that are normally seperate |
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what can formation of gallstones in the gallbladder cause? |
irritation and create areas susceptible to inflammation and infection |
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where can stones lodge and what happens if they lodge there? |
in the common bile duct, causing obstruction to the flow of bile |
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what is associated with developing gallstones? |
liquid weight loss diets or very rapid weight loss |
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what may liver trauma or laceration cause? |
hemorrhage |
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how do we prevent GI disorders?
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-maintaining good oral health -consuming sufficient bulk in the diet - |
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what does straining of stool do?
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increases intra-abdominal pressure which causes the hemorrhoidal vessels to engorge and contributes to hemorrhoid formation |
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how are gallbladder disorders prevented? |
-eating a low-fat, low-cholesterol, high fiber and high calcium diet -avoiding rapid weight loss diets -consuming alcohol moderately -maintaining an active lifestyle |
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how do we prevent liver disorders? |
-refraining from consuming excessive amounts of alcohol |
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how are pancreatic disorders prevented?
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-avoiding consumption of large quantities of alcohol |
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What is a HIDA scan for? |
to determine blood flow distribution in the liver, biliary tree, gallbladder, and proximal small bowel. To confirm cirrhosis, neoplasm, and acute cholecystitis |
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what is the description of a HIDA scan? |
Tc is injected, pt is positioned under imaging camera and images are taken as radioactive material is distributed |
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what are the nursing implications for a HIDA scan? |
-there may be a tingling sensation in metal fillings -a contrast medium may be injected into a vein -only traces of radioactivity are administered and there is little radioactivity danger -pt will lie flat during scanning |
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what is the purpose of a ERCP?
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performed when common radiologic studies do not reveal the cause of the problem, to identify obstruction and other pathologic conditions in the biliary and common ducts |
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what is the description of an ERCP? |
an endoscope is passed through the mouth into the duodenum with the use of fluoroscopy, a cannula is positioned in the common bile duct, and a contrast medium is injected. Radiographs are then taken |
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what are the nursing implications for a ERCP test? |
-pt is kept NPO after midnight -explain the procedure to the pt -a pretest sedative might be ordered |
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what are nursing implications for a Flexible sigmoidoscopy? |
-give clear liquids for dinner the night before, then keep pt NPO till after examination -explain what pt will experience -encourage use of deep breathing and relaxation techniques to decrease cramping -observe for rectal bleeding after biopsy or polyp removal |
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what are nursing implications for a colonoscopy? |
-pt is kept NPO for 8 hours prior to test -give laxatives for 1-3 days before test -give enemas the night before -explain procedure -give preoperative sedation -after procedure, observe for rectal bleeding and signs of perforation: abdominal distention, pain, elevated temp |
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what are nursing implications for Gastric analysis? |
-no smoking the morning of test -keep pt NPO 8 hours before test -explain the use of NG tube and the procedure |
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what are nursing implications for a AST lab test? |
-avoid hemolysis of sample -IM injection will affect level |
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what are nursing implications for a ALT lab test?
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-explain that a blood sample will be taken |
