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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anorexia
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- decrease in appetite
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obesity
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- BMI > 30
- increased risk of CVD, cancer, DM, OA - decreased self-esteem |
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vomiting
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- risk of aspiration
- decrease in electrolytes - FVD |
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fecal impaction
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- decreased transit time
- risk for bowel ischemia & death |
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bulimia
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- binging/vomiting/ purging -> leads to malnurtrition
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Anorexia Nervosa
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- distorted body image -> causes severe decrease in nutrition -> neuropathy
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Diarrhea
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- osmotic, C.difficile, impaction, colitis, Crohn's
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GI bleeding ~ How to diagnose?
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- hematemesis
- melena - + hemoccult - increased BUN - decreased H&H |
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Dysphagia
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- difficulty swallowing -> causes risk for aspiration
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interussusception
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- telescoping of one part of intestine into other
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diverticulitis
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- inflammation of diverticuli
- low residue diet - increase risk for peritonitis |
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appendicitis
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- pain @ McBurney's point; increased risk for peritonitis
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pyloric obstruction
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- copius vomiting undigested food (NO BILE) hrs after eating
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PUD
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- damage mucosa esophagus, stomach, or duodenum
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Duodenal ulcers
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- food intake -> DECREASE PAIN
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Gastric ulcers
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- food intake -> INCREASE PAIN
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Stress ulcers
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- gastric mucosal damage r/t to increase cortisols
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Dumping syndrome
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- post-gastrectomy -> causes rapid emptying chyme into small bowel
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Ulcerative Colitis
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- inflammation of large intestine, ulcerations, bleeding, increased chance of CANCER
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Crohn's Disease
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- inflammation of lg/sm intestine, skip lesions, all layers
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jaundice
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- decreased metabolism of bilirubin -> causes increase bilirubin in skin
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clay colored stools
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- due to intra/extra hepatic obstruction of bilirubin
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gynecomastia
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- decreased metabolism of estrogens/androgens
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hypoglycemia
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- due to decrease CHO, protein, & fat metabolism
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ascites
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- portal HTN -> causes increase pressure/decrease COP -> fluid shift peritoneum
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encephalopathy
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- portal HTN -> caused decrease toxin metabolism -> decrease LOC
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portal HTN
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- BP > 10mmHg in portal vein
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esophageal varices
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- due to portal HTN; life threatening if rupture
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splenomegaly
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- portal HTN -> increase splenic vein pressure
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Hemolytic jaundice causes an increase in _____ bilirubin.
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unconjugated
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Extrahepatic obstruction causes an increase in _____ bilirubin
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conjugated
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Severe intrahepatic obstruction causes an increase in _____ bilirubin.
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unconjugated
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Causes Hepatitis A
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- Hepatitis A virus (HAV) through fecal-oral transmission
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Causes Hepatitis B
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- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) through serum transmission
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Hepatitis C - chronicity?
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greatest risk of chronicity
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prodromal phase of hepatitis
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- highly infectious; before icteric
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prolonged prothrombin time
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- increases risk for bleeding
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fecal-oral type of hepatitis
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- Hepatitis A
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sexual, parenteral, vertical transmission
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- Hepatitis B & C
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Anti-HAV antibodies
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- antibodies found in hepatitis A
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Hepatitis B antigen, 1st serological marker
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- HBsAg
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antibody elevated in acute state of hepatitis
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- IgM
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serological marker (antibody), seroconverted
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- anti-HBe
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serological marker (antibody), increase in window period; infectious
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- anti-HBc
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serological marker (antibody), increases recovery period
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- anti-HBs
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cholecystitis
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- inflammation of gallbladder
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cholelithiasis
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- gallstones in gallbladder
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pancreatitis
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- increase amylase/lipase
- risk of peritonitis (inflammation of the abdominal wall) |
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choledocholithiasis
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- stones in common bile ducts
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