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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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H2 blockers |
Cimetidine Ranitidine Famotidine Nizatidine |
Table for 2 - take before you dine |
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H2 mechanism |
Reversible block of H2 receptors Decreases H+ secretion by parietal cells |
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H2 clinical use |
Peptic ulcer Gastritis Mild esophageal reflux |
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H2 toxicity |
C - potent CP450 inhibitor + antiandrogenic effects - prolactin release, gynaecomastia, impotence, decreased libido in males Cross placenta and BBB - confusion, dizziness, headaches C + R - decrease renal excretion of creatinine |
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PPIs |
Omeprazole Lansoprazole Esomeprazole Pantoprazole Dexlansoprazole |
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PPI mechanism |
Irreversibly inhibits H/K ATPase in stomach parietal cells |
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PPI clinical use |
Peptic ulcer Gastritis Esophageal reflux Z-E syndrome |
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PPI toxicity |
Increased risk of C diff, pneumonia Hip fractures Decreased serum magnesium |
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Bismuth, sulcralfate |
Bind to ulcer base - provides physical protection - allows bicarbonate secretion to reestablish ph gradient in mucous layer Increases ulcer healing Travellers diarrhoea |
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Misoprostol |
PGE1 analogue. Increases production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier. Decreases acid production Prevents NSAID-induced peptic ulcers - NSAIDS block PGE1 production Maintenance of PDA Induction of labour - ripens cervix SE = diarrhoea, CI in women of child bearing |
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Octreotide |
Long acting somatostatin analog Acute variceal bleeds Acromegaly VIPoma Carcinoid tumours SE = nausea, cramps, steatorrhea |
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Antacid use |
Alters gastric and urinary ph/delays gastric emptying -> Affects absorption, bioavailability, urinary excretion of other drugs All can cause hypokalemia |
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Aluminium hydroxide OU |
Constipation Hypophosphatemia Proximal muscle weakness Osteodystrophy Seizures |
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Calcium carbonate OU |
Hypercalcemia Rebound acid increase Can chelate the effectiveness of other drugs - tetracycline |
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Magnesium hydroxide OU |
Diarrhoea Hyporeflexia Hypotension Cardiac arrest |
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Osmotic laxatives |
Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium citrate Polyethylene glycol Lactulose |
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OL mechanism |
Provide osmotic load - draws water out Lactulose = hepatic encephalopathy - gut flora degrade it into metabolites that promote nitrogen excretion as NH4+ = lactic acid + acetic acid |
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OL clinical use |
Constipation |
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OL toxicity |
Diarrhoea Dehydration May be caused by bulimics |
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Infliximab |
Monoclonal Ab to TNF alpha Crohn disease Ulcerative colitis RA Ankylosing spondylitis Psoriasis SE = infection, reactivation of latent TB, fever, hypotension |
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Sulfasalazine |
Antibacterial sulfapyridine + antiInf 5-ASA Activated by colonic bacteria UC Crohn's disease SE = malaise, nausea, Sulfonamide toxicity, reversible oligospermia |
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Ondansetron |
5-HT3 antagonist Increases vagal stimulation Central-acting antiemetic Controls vomiting postOP and in chemo pts SE = headache, constipation |
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Metoclopramide |
D2 receptor antagonist Increases resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility No influence on colon transport time Diabetic and postOP gastroparesis, antiemetic SE = increases Parkinsonian effects - restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, nausea, diarrhoea Interacts with digoxin and diabetic agents CI in pts with small bowel obstruction or Parkinson's |
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