Gi Pathology

Front 1

Heartburn and waterbrash

Back 1

Esophagitis

Front 2

Infectious esophagitis patients usually

Back 2

Immunosuppressed

Front 3

Reflux esophagitis usually secondary to

Back 3

Hiatal hernia

Front 4

Major problem with long-standing esophagitis

Back 4

Barrett's change, dysplasia, esophageal cancer

Front 5

Barrett's change

Back 5

Intestinal type epithelium in the esophagus

Front 6

Nausea, vomiting, hemetemesis, upper abdominal pain

Back 6

Gastritis, peptic ulcer, carcinoma stomach

Front 7

Chronic gastritis cause other than Helicobacter pylori

Back 7

Autoimmune causes

Front 8

Peptic ulcer location

Back 8

Lesser curve of stomach (smaller side), proximal duodenum

Front 9

Peptic ulcer cause

Back 9

Acid damage to epithelial lining

Front 10

Peptic ulcer etiology

Back 10

Helicobacter pylori infection, NSAIDs, stress

Front 11

Benign vs malignant gastric ulcer apperance

Back 11

Peptic is sharply punched-out and clean-looking, malignant is thick-walled and dirty-looking

Front 12

Bottom of peptic ulcer consists of

Back 12

Granulation tissue and scar tissue

Front 13

Peptic ulcer disease penetration

Back 13

Erode into pancreas

Front 14

Peptic ulcer disease perforation

Back 14

Erode into peritoneum - peritonitis

Front 15

Peritonitis

Back 15

Spillage of acid contents from perforation

Front 16

Carcinoma of stomach related to

Back 16

Nitrosamines, smoked fish, and chronic atrophic gastritis

Front 17

Diarrhea causes

Back 17

Infections, IBD

Front 18

2 types of IBD

Back 18

Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis

Front 19

Small bowel

Back 19

Large volume, watery, no blood, no leukocytes

Front 20

Large bowel (colon)

Back 20

Small volume, mucoid, blood, leukocytes

Front 21

Traveler's diarrhea etiology

Back 21

Most bacterial, few viral, rare protozoal

Front 22

Crohn's disease site

Back 22

Terminal ileum, anywhere from mouth to anus

Front 23

Ulcerative colitis site

Back 23

Rectum, extend proximally up to ileocecal valve (which separates large and small intestine)

Front 24

If there are ulcers in mouth, it is

Back 24

Crohn's disease, not UC

Front 25

Crohn's pattern of involvement

Back 25

Discontinuous with skip areas

Front 26

UC pattern of involvement

Back 26

Continuous

Front 27

Crohn's vs UC extent of inflammation in the bowel wall

Back 27

Crohn's full thickness, UC mucosal only usually

Front 28

Malabsorption, perforation, peritonitis, etc. are complications of

Back 28

Crohn's disease

Front 29

3 complications of UC

Back 29

Bleeding, megacolon, cancer

Front 30

Appendix has what kind of blood supply and venous return?

Back 30

Peripheral arterial blood supply and luminal venous return

Front 31

Acute appendicitis what's happening

Back 31

Blockage first prevents venous return, causing edema. Edema together with bacterial growth shuts off arterial supply, causing gangrene

Front 32

Acute appendicitis symptoms

Back 32

Fever, leukocytosis, abdominal pain

Front 33

Acute appendicitis abdominal pain location

Back 33

Starts at umbilicus, moves to RLQ

Front 34

Are all polyps in the GIT neoplastic?

Back 34

No - can be non-neoplastic (inflammatory)

Front 35

Polyps are

Back 35

Adenomas

Front 36

Colon cancer sequence

Back 36

Adenoma (polyp) - carcinoma

Front 37

Right-sided colon cancer appearance

Back 37

Fungating and ulcerating lesions

Front 38

Left-sided colon cancer appearance

Back 38

Circumferential (napkin-ring) lesions

Front 39

Right-sided colon cancer symptoms

Back 39

Late - weakness, fatigue, diarrhea, mucus

Front 40

Left-sided colon cancer symptoms

Back 40

Early - constipation, flattened stools, rectal bleeding