Gi Pathologies From Goljan

Front 1

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Back 1

Melanin Pigmentation of the lips and oral mucosa

Front 2

Sulfur granules in pus contain gram + brnaching filamentous bacteria

Back 2

Actinomyces israelii

Front 3

Peritonsillar abscess, pharyngitis, and scarlet fever caused by

Back 3

Strep Pyogenese

Hint 3

Erythrogenic toxin (super antigen) --> rash on skin an tongue
can cause acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis

Front 4

Hairy leukoplakia (glossitis associated with bilateral white, hairy excrewscences on lateral border of tongue caused by

Back 4

EBV

Front 5

Mumps is caused by

Back 5

Paramyxovirus

Hint 5

Bilateral parotitis with increased serum amylase, can lead to meningoencephalitis, unilateral orchitis or oophoritis, pancreatitis.

Front 6

Ddx for melanin pigmentation in oral mucosa

Back 6

Addison's disease, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Front 7

Ameloblastoma

Back 7

most common odontogenic tumor
Arise from enamel organ epithelium. Located in the mandible, produces a radiolucency in bone.

Front 8

Back 8

Hiatal hernia

Front 9

Common infectious agents for infectious esophgitis

Back 9

HSV, CMV, and candida

Hint 9

HSV: multi nucleated squamous cells with intranuclear inclusions
CMV: basophillic intranuclear inclusions
Candida: yeast and pseudohyphae

Front 10

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

Back 10

Mucosal tear in the proximal stomach and distal esophagus leading to hematemesis

Hint 10

Due to severe retching in alcoholics and bulimia

Front 11

Boerhaave's syndrome

Back 11

Rupture of the distal esophagus

Front 12

Chagas's disease

Back 12

destruction of ganglion cells by leishmanial forms

Front 13

Most common esophageal cancer in US

Back 13

distal adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

Hint 13

Barrett's esophagus is most common predisposing cause

Front 14

Most common esophageal cancer in developing countries

Back 14

squamous cell carcinoma

Hint 14

smoking cigarettes most common cause

Front 15

Most common cause of hematemesis and melena

Back 15

PUD (peptic ulcer disease)

Front 16

An infant 2-4 weeks vomiting of non-bile-stained fluid... Think of

Back 16

Congenital pyloric stenosis

Front 17

Erosions vs. Ulcer

Back 17

Erosions: breach in the epithelium of the mucosa
Ulcer: breach in the mucosa with extension into the submucosa or deeper

Front 18

Most common cause of hemorrhagic gastritis

Back 18

NSAIDs

Front 19

Type AChronic atrophic gastritis

Back 19

Fundus and body of stomach, most often due to pernicious anemia

Hint 19

Complications:
Achlorhydria with hypergastrinemia
Macrocytic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency
Increased risk for adenocarcinoma

Front 20

3 main diseases associated with H pylori

Back 20

1. Duodenal and gastric ulcers
2. Type B antral chronic atrophic gastritis
3. Gastric adenocarcinoma and low-grade B-cell malignant lymphoma

Front 21

Menetrier's disease

Back 21

Hypertrophic gastropathy --> giant rugal folds due to hyperplasia of mucus-secreting cells

Hint 21

Causes hypoproteinemia (protein-losing enteropathy)

Atrophy of parietal cells (achlorhydria) which increases risk for adenocarcinoma

Front 22

T/F Duodenal ulcers are never malignant

Back 22

True

Front 23

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome:

Back 23

maligant islet cell tumor secreting gastrin

Front 24

Hartnup disease

Back 24

Cannot absorb neutral amino acids

Front 25

T/F Gastric hyperplastic polyps have high malignant potential

Back 25

False

Front 26

2 types of gastric polyps

Back 26

1. Hyperplastic polyp
2. Adenomatous polyp

Hint 26

Adenomatous polyps have potential for malignant transformation

Front 27

Most common benign tumor in the GI tract

Back 27

Leiomyoma

Front 28

Most common gastric carcinoma

Back 28

Adenocarcinoma

Front 29

Precursor lesion for gastric adenocarcinoma

Back 29

Intestinal metaplasia

Front 30

Krukenberg tumors

Back 30

A type of diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma --> hematogenous spread of signet-ring cells to both ovaries

Front 31

Clinical findings of gastric adenocarcinoma

Back 31

1. Weight loss (most common), epigastric pain with vomiting
2. Metastasis to left supraclavicular node
3. Paraneoplastic skin lesions
4. Metastasis to umbilicus

Front 32

Most common site for extranodal malignant lymphoma

Back 32

Stomach

Front 33

2 types of primary gastric malignant lymphoma

Back 33

1. Low grade B-cell lymphoma
H. pylori related
MALToma

2. High-grade B-or T-cell lymphomas

Front 34

Hematochezia

Back 34

Massive loss of whole blood per rectum

Hint 34

Sigmoid divericulosis or angiodysplasia

Front 35

T/F Invasive diarrhea is low-volume

Back 35

True

Front 36

3 main causes of malabsorption

Back 36

Pancreatic insufficiency, bile salt deficiency, small bowel disease

Front 37

Cholangiocarcinoma is associated with what bugs in the developing countries?

Back 37

Clonorchis sinensis (liver fluke)

Front 38

Most common cause of adult gastroenteritis

Back 38

Norwalk virus

Front 39

Most common cause of childhood diarrhea

Back 39

Rotavirus

Hint 39

Rotazyme test on stool establishes diagnosis.