• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/73

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

73 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)
esophagus
Reflux Esophagitis
may be asymptomatic, may have associated Barrett's
hyperplasia of basal cells, elongated papillae, intramucosal lymphocytes w/ or w/o eosinophils
Esophagus
Barret Esophagus
Reflux esophagitis w/ Goblet cells
Dysplasia identified by the presence of goblet cells, these pts placed on strict surveillance programs to monitor progression to adenocarcinoma
Condition is reversible w/ treatment
RE-->BE-->dysplasia-->cancer
stomach
Gastritis (H. Pylori)
HP plays a role in acute/chronic gastritis, gastric/duodenal ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric lymphoma
Immunocompromised pts may have CMV, adeno, or herpes virus
Reactive gastropathy secondary to bile reflux or meds (NSAIDs)
stomach
Erosive Gastritis
NSAIDs
small bowel
Celiac Disease
increased CD8 T-lymphocytes, hyperplastic crypts, mitotic figures, short wide villi
1/200-300 affected
Dx: clinical, endoscope, lab
tx: gluten free diet
associated dz: T-cell lymphomas, bowel/esophageal/oropharyngeal/breast carcinomas
Tropical Sprue presents similarly in pts w/ travel Hx
small bowel
Whipple Disease
systemic bacterial infection of Tropheryma Whippelii (actinomyces)
Dx w/ PAS positive bacilli within small bowel macrophages
esophagus
Eosinophilic Esophagus
Simulates RE, biopsy includes 25 eos/high power field
idiopathic, allergic, hypereo syndrome, Rx, parasites, reflux
may present w/ food bolus obstruction
associated w/ allergic condition
ribbed or feline esophagus on endoscopy
Perforation risk
Tx: steroids, dietary restriction, dilation
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Simulates RE, biopsy includes 25 eos/high power field
idiopathic, allergic, hypereo syndrome, Rx, parasites, reflux
may present w/ food bolus obstruction
associated w/ allergic condition
ribbed or feline esophagus on endoscopy
Perforation risk
Tx: steroids, dietary restriction, dilation
Chronic Active Gastritis
lymphocytes, lymphoid follicles, decreased # microorganisms
complications: metaplasia, adenocarcinoma, malignant lymphoma, ulcer, reflux, carditis
H. Pylori
esophagus
Barret's Esophagus
complication of gastritis, cancer precursor
RE-->BE-->dysplasia-->adenocarcinoma
Intestinal metaplasia w/ high grade dysplasia
note proximity of glands in upper L corner
Celiac Disease
increased CD8 T-lymphocytes, hyperplastic crypts, mitotic figures, short wide villi
1/200-300 affected
Dx: clinical, endoscope, lab
tx: gluten free diet
associated dz: T-cell lymphomas, bowel/esophageal/oropharyngeal/breast carcinomas
Tropical Sprue presents similarly in pts w/ travel Hx
Celiac Disease (Note intraepithelial lympocytes)
increased CD8 T-lymphocytes, hyperplastic crypts, mitotic figures, short wide villi
1/200-300 affected
Dx: clinical, endoscope, lab
tx: gluten free diet
associated dz: T-cell lymphomas, bowel/esophageal/oropharyngeal/breast carcinomas
Tropical Sprue presents similarly in pts w/ travel Hx
Gastritis DDx
H. Pylori --> gastric biopsy
Radiation --> Hx?
Lymphoma: Abnormal cells, no improvement w/ diet
Food Protein Intolerance: eos, asthma, responds to diet
Tropical Sprue: Responds to Abx & folate
Autoimmune enteropathy: young age, anti-enterocyte Ab
Hirschprung's Disease
lack of gangion cells in rectosigmoid/anal region
1/5000, favors males
infant presents w/ severe constipation, requires surgical management
Hirschprung Disease
lack of gangion cells in rectosigmoid/anal region
1/5000, favors males
infant presents w/ severe constipation, requires surgical management
Infectious colitis Bugs
C. Diff - pseudomembranes, necrotic cells, neutrophils, and exudates
Yerisinia - necrosis in lymphoid aggregates around ileocecal valve
Salmonella - ulcers overlying hyperplastic Peyer's patches
Ulcerative Colitis
diffuse superficial involvement of the mucosa of the left colon, sigmoid, and rectum.
no granulomas
increased risk of cancer
shows crypt distortion & basal plasma cells
Ulcerative Colitis (note gland distortion)
diffuse superficial involvement of the mucosa of the left colon, sigmoid, and rectum.
no granulomas
increased risk of cancer
shows crypt distortion & basal plasma cells
Ulcerative Colitis
diffuse superficial involvement of the mucosa of the left colon, sigmoid, and rectum.
no granulomas
increased risk of cancer
shows crypt distortion & basal plasma cells
Colon
Crohn's Disease
Crohn's Disease affects the R colon, ileum, & upper GI. transmuarl inflammation w/ areas of normal mucosa, fissures, ulcers, non-necrotic, granulomas, & fistulas
Inflammatory Bowel Disase
Crohns: intestinal obstructions (fistulas), adenocarcinomas. 3NOD2 & CARD15 genetically predispose
Ulcerative Colitis: toxic megacolon, perforation, adenocarcinoma, arthritis, uveitis, pyoderma gangrenosum
pts. must follow up for endoscopic exams and biopsies to screen for adenocarcinoma
IBD pseudopolyp
IBD Dysplasia "picket fencing"
Ischemic Colitis
low flow states (sepsis, CHF, shock), thromboembolism, adhesions, strangulated hernia, vasculitis, estrogen compounds
Ischemic Colitis
low flow states (sepsis, CHF, shock), thromboembolism, adhesions, strangulated hernia, vasculitis, estrogen compounds
Collagenous Colitis
older population, predominantly female
normal endoscopic findings, long standing watery diarrhea
intraepithelial lymphocytosis, mixed acute/chronic infiltrate, basement membrane diffusely thickened
Pseudomembranous colitis
C. Diff infection
colon
GVHD
graft versus host disease, note the apoptotic cells.
often following allogeneic bone marrow transplant
Lymphocytic Colitis (note intraepithelial lymphocytes)
chronic watery diarrhea, middle aged, normal endoscopic findings, negative stool cultures
ischemic colitis
low flow states (sepsis, CHF, shock), thromboembolism, adhesions, strangulated hernia, vasculitis, estrogen compound
ischemic colitis
low flow states (sepsis, CHF, shock), thromboembolism, adhesions, strangulated hernia, vasculitis, estrogen compound
Ulcerative Colitis
diffuse superficial involvement of the mucosa of the left colon, sigmoid, and rectum.
no granulomas
increased risk of cancer
shows crypt distortion & basal plasma cell
Ulcerative Colitis (note dysplasia)
diffuse superficial involvement of the mucosa of the left colon, sigmoid, and rectum.
no granulomas
increased risk of cancer
shows crypt distortion & basal plasma cell
Ulcerative Colitis
diffuse superficial involvement of the mucosa of the left colon, sigmoid, and rectum.
no granulomas
increased risk of cancer
shows crypt distortion & basal plasma cell
Crohn Disease
Crohn's Disease affects the R colon, ileum, & upper GI. transmuarl inflammation w/ areas of normal mucosa, fissures, ulcers, non-necrotic, granulomas, & fistulas
Crohn Disease
Crohn's Disease affects the R colon, ileum, & upper GI. transmuarl inflammation w/ areas of normal mucosa, fissures, ulcers, non-necrotic, granulomas, & fistulas
Achalasia
Acute Appendicitis
Adenocarcinoma (from polyp)
Adenocarcinoma
Autoimmune Gastritis
Colon Diverticulosis
Duodenal Ulcer
Esophageal Carcinoma
Esophageal Varices
Familial Polyposis
Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Gastric Ulcer
Gastric Ulcer
Hyperplastic Polyp
Hyperplastic Polyp (Variants)
Small Bowel Infarct
Infiltrating Gastric Carcinoma
Infiltrating Gastric Carcinoma
Inflammatory Polyps
Intussusception
Juvenile Polyp
MALT Lymphoma
Meckel Diverticulum
Mediterranean Intestinal Lymphoma
Menetrier Disease
Mucocele of the Appendix
Small Intestine
Neuroendocrine Tumor
Peutz-Jegher
Schatzki
Stromal Tumor of the Stomach
Trichobezoar
Tubular Adenoma
Trichobezoar
Villous Adenoma
Ulcerating Gastric Carcinoma