Gi: Normal Flora Of The Gi Tract. Dickinson

Front 1

Normal GI flora is mostly...

Back 1

facultative and obligate anaerobes that are gram +

Front 2

what can the normal GI flora become... In what pts may this occur in...

Back 2

can become oppertunistic infections in people who are immunocompromised/suppressed or recent history of ABX

Front 3

what are some of the anaerobic sites in the body colonized by flora?

Back 3

1. Colon
2. In between teeth

Front 4

what is Dental caries?

Back 4

this is tooth decay that is the loss of the enamel. this is due to oral flora converts sugars to acids that erode the enamel.

Front 5

what is the most common cause of tooth loss before 35

Back 5

dental caries

Front 6

what organisms are responsible of the sugar conversion to acid that causes dental caries?

Back 6

strep

Front 7

what is gingavitis?

Back 7

this is chronic inflam of the gingiva. this is due to accumulation of plaque in between the gums and teeth. these bleed easy

Front 8

what is the major cause of tooth loss in adults (>35)

Back 8

peridontitis

Front 9

what is peridontitis? What change does it cause?

Back 9

this is chronic inflam of the peridontal lig and/or the alveolar bone and cementum.

Change from Gram + anaerobes to Gram - anaerobes.

Front 10

why is peridontitis important?

Back 10

link between peridontitis and systemic disease such as endocarditis, CV disease, abortions, and brain absecesses.

Front 11

what are some examples of the immune defenses within the oral cavity?

Back 11

1. waldeyers ring (adnoids and tonsils)
2. normal flora
3. mucous (IgA)

Front 12

what is the most contaminated site in the body?

Back 12

mouth

Front 13

white plaques in mouth of HIV, immunosuppresed, or after ABX?

Back 13

oral thrush (condidiasis)

Front 14

what does condida look like?

Back 14

gram + budding yeast

Front 15

what is the most common infection of the mouth

Back 15

candidiasis

Front 16

where in the GI do you see the lowest number of organisms?

Back 16

Stomach because the acidity. pH is 2-3.

Front 17

what organism tend to survive the acidity of the stomach?

Back 17

strep

Front 18

what increases the more distal in the colon?

Back 18

the number of organisms (after the stomach)

Front 19

why are GI flora important to us?

Back 19

1. development and maturation of lymph tissue
2. stimulate the proliferation of ABs
3. generation of T-regs (inhibit T-cells)

Front 20

what are some harmful effects of the GI flora? (3)

Back 20

1. Source of infections
2. source of carcinogens
3. Obesity

Front 21

how is GI flora linked to obesity? (3)

Back 21

1. extract calories
2. help store calories in adipose
3. diff in E recovery

Front 22

what are probiotics?

Back 22

dietary supplement that contains live organisms that are thought to be beneficial

Front 23

what organisms might a probiotic contain?

Back 23

lactobacillus and biffidobacterium

Front 24

what has probiotics be used to help? (5)

Back 24

1. treat diarrhea
2. clustridium difficile
3. weight gain in infants
4. prevent diarrhea from ABX
5. alleviate lactose intolerance

Front 25

what infectious agent causes abrupt onset of diarrhea that is watery and so the people can die of dehydration?

Back 25

V. cholerae

Front 26

How long does it take for someone to be over a cholera diarrhea?

Why

Back 26

3-5 days because you have to shed the cells that are infected.

Front 27

what kind of toxin does cholera use?

Back 27

AB toxin.

Front 28

describe the mechanism of a cholera infection

Back 28

B subunit attached to GM1 on the surface of enterocytes. the A subunit enters the golgi then to the ER. in the ER it splits to A1 and A2. A1 is seen as a musfolded protein and send to the cytosol where it activates GS-alpha. GS-alpha is bound by ADP-ribose which then binds to AC so you get an increase in cAMP. this increase in cAMP causes secretion of Cl and HCO3 so water follows.

Front 29

what are the 2 types of O-antigen LPS in cholera?

Back 29

01 and 0139

Front 30

what are the 2 biotypes of cholera?

Back 30

El tore and classial

Front 31

what are the 2 serotypes of cholera?

Back 31

Inaba and Ogawa

Front 32

how do you tx cholera?

Back 32

give them the rehydration formula that contain sodium and glucose. this activates SGLT1. this pulls in water.

Front 33

what is the best way to give a cholera vaccine?

Back 33

oral and used to elict an IgA response in the mucosa.

Only contains the B-subnit

Front 34

what is the etiologic agent of travelers diarrhea?

Back 34

enterotoxogenic E.Coli (ETEC)

Front 35

how does ETEC work?

Back 35

increase in cAMP

Front 36

how do you Tx ETEC?

Back 36

hydration with sucrose-electrolyte solution

Front 37

how does enteropathogenic E.Coli cause diarrhea? (EPEC)

Back 37

they adhere to the mucosa via pili. this causes a decrease in surface are so nothing gets absorbed.

Front 38

If someone has persistent diarrhea then what is probably the cause?

Back 38

Enteroaggregative E.Coli (EAEC)

Front 39

describe clustridium perfringins

Back 39

Gram + anaerobic rod that forms spores and found almost anywhere.

Front 40

what bacteria is associated with ABX diarrhea?

Back 40

C.perfringins

Front 41

describe Bacillus cereus

Back 41

Gram + rod that forms spores

Front 42

what is the agent that causes the most frequent water born illness in the U.S?

Back 42

cryptosporidium

Front 43

found in well water in WV and the springs of the rockies

Back 43

giardia

Front 44

cruise ship diarrhea

Back 44

norovirus

Front 45

what used to be the leading cause of life threatening diarrhea in kids until a vaccine was developed?

Back 45

Rotavirus

Front 46

what is the mechanism of action for the rotavirus?

Back 46

inhibit SGLT-1