Gi Lower

Front 1

Chemical digestion occurs where?

Back 1

small intestine

Front 2

Increased frequency, volume and fluid of stool is called?

Back 2

diarrhea

Front 3

Diarrhea is a ––––– not a disorder!

Back 3

symptom

Front 4

What caused diarrhea?

Back 4

inflammation or disease process of the colon

Front 5

dehydration, hypovolemic shock, electrolyte imbalance are possible complications of ?

Back 5

diarrhea

Front 6

Inadequeate BM, less than 2/week or difficult passage?

Back 6

Constipation

Front 7

Laxatives, bulking agents (fiber), enemas are used to treat?

Back 7

constipation

Front 8

Occurs when intestinal contents cannot pass through the GI tract?

Back 8

intestinal obstruction

Front 9

Rapid onset, frequent and copious vomiting, colicky, cramplike, intermittent pain, feces for a short time, MIMIMALLY INCREASED ABDOMINAL DISTENTSION

Back 9

small intestine obstruction

Front 10

gradual onset, rare vomiting, low grade cramping abdominal pain, absolute constipation, GREATLY INCREASED ABDOMINAL DISTENTION

Back 10

large intestine obstruction

Front 11

Treatment of obstruction includes?

Back 11

decompression of stomach via NG, correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance, relief or removal of obstruction

Front 12

Mechanical obstruction requires?

Back 12

surgery

Front 13

Crohns Disease and Ulcerative Colitis are classified as?

Back 13

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Front 14

Disease characterzied by inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum?

Back 14

Ulcerative colitis

Front 15

Peak age for ulcerative colitis?

Back 15

15-25 years of age

Front 16

Major symptoms of ulcerative colitis?

Back 16

bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain

Front 17

Drugs used to treat IBD?

Back 17

steroids and anti-diarrhea

Front 18

Inflammation of the appendix is called?

Back 18

appendicitis

Front 19

S& S of ––––?––– include:
periumbilical pain, anorexia, N&V, pain shifts to RLQ and localizes at McBurneys point, rebound tenderness, low grade fever?

Back 19

clinical manifestations of appendicitis

Front 20

Perforation, peritonitis, abscesses are complications of ?

Back 20

appendicitis

Front 21

Treatment of appendicitis?

Back 21

appendectomy

Front 22

Results from a localized or generalized inflammatory process of the peritoneum?

Back 22

peritonitis

Front 23

Primary causes of peritonitis?

Back 23

organisms, cirrhosis with ascites

Front 24

Appendicitis with rupture, rupture in intestinal tract, trauma to abdominal organs, postoperative breakage of anastomosis are secondary causes of?

Back 24

peritonitis

Front 25

Treatment for peritonitis?

Back 25

surgical removal of perforation and broad spectrum antibiotics

Front 26

Inflammation of the stomach and small intestines caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites and toxins?

Back 26

gastroenteritis

Front 27

Cholera transmitted via?

Back 27

fecal-oral route

Front 28

Shigella transmitted via?

Back 28

fecal-oral route

Front 29

Salmonella transmitted via?

Back 29

food preparation

Front 30

Staphylococcus trasmitted via?

Back 30

contaminated food

Front 31

Colstridium botulinum transmitted via?

Back 31

bacterial spores in food and soil

Front 32

E.Coli transmitted via?

Back 32

bacterial toxins, hemorrhagic colitis

Front 33

Giardia is contracted via?

Back 33

fecal oral route by contaminated food or water

Front 34

Amebiasis (dysentary) is contracted by?

Back 34

fecal oral route

Front 35

Cryptosporidosis contracted via?

Back 35

fecal -oral route contaminated water

Front 36

helminthic disorder is caused by?

Back 36

parasitic worms

Front 37

diagnosis of gastroenteritis utilizes what procedures?

Back 37

stool specimen, culture, sigmoidoscopy, blood work dependent on s&s

Front 38

antobiotics, fluid replacement, dietary management, are used for treatment of?

Back 38

gastroenteritis

Front 39

Results for impaired absorption of fats, CHO, proteins, mineral and vitamins?

Back 39

malabsorption

Front 40

Saccular dilation or outpouching of the mucosa through the circular smooth muscle of the intestinal wall?

Back 40

diverticulum

Front 41

Multiple noninflamed diverticula?

Back 41

diverticulosis

Front 42

Inflammation of the diverticula?

Back 42

Diverticulitis

Front 43

Clinical manifestations of Diverticular disorders?

Back 43

majority do not have symptoms, crampy abdominal pain relieved by flatus or BM, alternating constipation and diarrhea

Front 44

Intestinal neoplasms include?

Back 44

polyps and colorectal cancer

Front 45

Most common disorder of the biliary system?

Back 45

cholelithiasis

Front 46

Usually associated with cholelithiasis?

Back 46

cholecystitis

Front 47

Patho of Cholecystitis?

Back 47

stones may be lodged in the neck of the gallbladder or in the cystic duct

Front 48

Indigestion, moderate to severe pain, fever, jaundice are s&S of?

Back 48

cholecystitis

Front 49

s&S of cholelithiasis?

Back 49

similar to cholecystitis or no signs and symptoms

Front 50

What is believed to be the most common cause of pancreatitis?

Back 50

autodigestion of the pancreas

Front 51

Abdonimal Pain radiating to the back, sudden onset, severe, deep, piercing, continuous steady, aggravated by eating usually, low grade fever, jaundice and leukocytosis are s&s of ?

Back 51

pancreatitis

Front 52

cholecystectomy is removalof what?

Back 52

gall bladder

Front 53

benthyl, probathmine are used to treat?

Back 53

pancreatitis

Front 54

2% of all cancers, adenocarcinoma is most common type, high mortality rate 1-3 years, non specific s&S ?

Back 54

pancreatic cancer

Front 55

pancreatoduodenectomy is also called?

Back 55

whipples procedure

Front 56

inflammation of the liver is called?

Back 56

hepatitis

Front 57

metabolic and bile elimination functions are disrupted, impedes liver function, necrosis of hepatic tissue is the ––––––?–––––– of hepatitis?

Back 57

pathophysiology

Front 58

jaundice is seen in acute or chronic hepatitis?

Back 58

chronic

Front 59

What are the 4 phases of hepatitis?

Back 59

incubation, prodromal, icteric, convalescent

Front 60

Phase of hep marked by fever, chills, n/v, mild RUQ pain...?

Back 60

prodromal phase

Front 61

Phase of hep marked by jaundice, elevated bilirubin, pruritis, dark urine?

Back 61

icteric phase

Front 62

How is hepatitis diagnosed?

Back 62

viral studies, liver function tests, biopsy

Front 63

What three forms of the hepatitis virus are associated with chronic hepatitis?

Back 63

HBV, HCV, HDV

Front 64

S&S of chronic hepatitis?

Back 64

jaundice, fatigue, malaise, hepatomegaly

Front 65

Condition of the liver that cause chronic inflammation and scarring?

Back 65

cirrhosis

Front 66

Cirrhosis can be caused by ?

Back 66

chronic hepatitis, biliary obstruction, unknown etiology, and most common is alcoholism

Front 67

Portal hypertension, splenomegaly, ascites, esophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal snydrome are complications of ?

Back 67

Cirrhosis

Front 68

Dietary changes needed for treatment of cirrhosis?

Back 68

Limit amount of protein, Na and fluid restrictions

Front 69

Vitamin supplementation for cirrhosis?

Back 69

A, D, E, K

Front 70

Corgard reduces what in cirrhosis?

Back 70

bleeding of varices

Front 71

Diuretics used in treatment of cirrhosis?

Back 71

aldactone, lasix

Front 72

Abscess-inflammation and necrosis of the liver, focal liver disroders, are caused by?

Back 72

E.Coli, Staph, Pseudomonas, Strep
also can be bacterial or amebic

Front 73

Liver cancer account for what percent of US cancers?

Back 73

2%

Front 74

What are the symptoms like in liver cancer?

Back 74

the symptoms are usually silent and it is very advanced when evaluation is sought

Front 75

Treatment for liver cancer?

Back 75

surgery of removal of tumor, chemotherapy, radiation