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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four layers of the GI tract?
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Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, adventitia
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What type of epithelium is the mucosa?
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Stratified squamous or simple columnar
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What is the lamina propria and what does it contain?
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Connective tissue with lymphatics, inflammatory cells, blood vessels, collagen
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What is the muscularis mucosa?
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Smooth muscle
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Which plexus is found in the submucosa?
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Meissner's plexus
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What is the submucosa?
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Dense irregular connective tissue
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What does the muscularis externa contain?
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Smooth muscle (circular and longitudinal)
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What plexus can be found in the muscularis externa?
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Auerbach's plexus
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What is the adventitia?
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Thin connective tissue
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What is serosa?
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Adventitia + simple squamous epithelium
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Which type of epithelium is important for protection?
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Stratified squamous epithelium
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What is unique about the muscularis mucosa of the esophagus?
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It is composed of islands of smooth muscle
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Cardiac glands are found in which layer of the esophagus?
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Lamina propria
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Esophagus glands are found in which layer of the esophagus?
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Submucosa
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Mucus secreted by esophagus glands do or do NOT contain capacity to buffer acid?
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DO NOT
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What types of muscle is found along the esophagus?
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Upper third--skeletal
Middle third--mixture of skeletal and smooth Lower third--smooth |
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What are the four regions of stomach?
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Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus
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The mucosa of the stomach contains what type of epithelium?
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Columnar
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What are the three types of glands found in the stomach?
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Cardiac, gastric, pyloric
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How does the muscularis propria (externa) of the stomach differ from other organs of GI tract?
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Contains three layers of smooth muscle--inner oblique, middle circular and outer longitudinal
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In what three places of the body do you see abrupt changes in epithelium?
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Esophagus-stomach, rectum-anus, endo-ectocervix
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Where are surface mucus cells found?
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All along entire stomach lining
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What type of cells are surface mucus cells?
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Columnar
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What do surface mucus cells secrete?
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Bicarbonate and mucus--protect against back diffusion of acid back into mucosa
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Which part of the stomach has the longest gastric pits?
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Pylorus
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Which part of the stomach has the shortest gastric pits?
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Fundus and body
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Parietal cells stain ... while chief cells stain ....
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Parietal--eosinophilic; chief cells--basophilic
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Parietal cells are what shape?
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Parietal--round
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What is the pancreatic duct of Wirsung?
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Main pancreatic duct
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What is the pancreatic duct of Santorini?
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Accessory pancreatic duct
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The main pancreatic duct dumps its secretions through which structure?
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Ampulla of Vater
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What sphincter surrounds the ampulla of Vater to control secretions?
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Sphincter of Oddi
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What does the portal tract consist of?
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Hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct
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What do Brunner's glands secrete?
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Alkaline mucus
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The number of goblet cells increase as you move proximally or distally?
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Distally
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Where are Panneth cells found?
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Small intestine
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What do Panneth cells secrete?
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Granules containing lysozymes
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Where are lysozymes found?
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Tears, saliva. Also secreted by neutrophils
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What are Peyer's Patches?
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Lymphatic nodules containing lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages
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What cells contain 90% of body's serotonin?
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Enterochromaffin cells
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What are the three divisions of the pancreas?
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Head, body, tail
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True or false: Liver has both endocrine and exocrine properties.
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True
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What are the four lobes of the liver?
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Right, left, quadrate (inferior), caudate (superior)
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How do you distinguish the bile duct in the portal triad?
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Lined by cuboidal epithelium
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How would you distinguish the hepatic artery from the portal vein?
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Artery has thicker muscular wall
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How do you identify central veins?
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Irregular shape and thin walls
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How do the "plates" of hepatocytes differ from adult to children?
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Adult--only one cell thick. Children--two layers of cells
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What is the role of Kupffer cells?
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Macrophages of liver
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Why do Kupffer cell stains sometimes show iron?
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Play role in breakdown of RBCs
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Where do you find Kupffer cells?
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In sinusoids
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Where do you find hepatic stellate cells?
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In Space of Disse
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Which cells in the liver cause fibrosis in cirrhosis?
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Stellate cells
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What are Ito cells?
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Hepatic stellate cells
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What type of epithelium gallbladder epithelium?
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Columnar epithelium
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Which cells in the liver make bile?
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Hepatocytes
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