Gi Histo- Nbde I

Front 1

What are the layers of the alimentary canal? (4)

Back 1

1. Mucosa
-Epithelium
-Lamina propria
-Muscularis mucosae
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis externa
-Inner circular layer
-Outer longitudinal layer
4. Serosa or adventitia

Front 2

What 3 places contain mesothelium (serosa)?

Back 2

1. Pleura -lungs
2. Pericardium - heart
3. Peritoneum- GI

Front 3

Mesothelium is what type of epithelium?

Back 3

Simple squamous epithelium

Front 4

The enteric nervous system is composed of numerous repeating ganglia known as?

Back 4

1. Meissner's submucosal plexus
2. Auerbach's myenteric plexus

Front 5

What part of the ENS directs
-Secretory function
-Mucosal movement
-Localized blood flow

Back 5

Meissner's submucosal plexus

Front 6

What part of the ENS controls motility?

Back 6

Myenteric plexus

Front 7

What part of the nervous system activates sphincter muscles?

Back 7

Sympathetic

Front 8

What type of epithelium lines the esophagus?

Back 8

Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

Front 9

What is found in the mucosa of the esophagus?

Back 9

1. Epithelium- Langerhan's cells
2. Lamina propria- cardiac glands (mucus)
3. Muscularis mucosa

Front 10

The submucosa of the esophagus is composed of what type of CT?

Back 10

Dense fibroelastic CT

Front 11

What types of glands are found in the submucosa of the esophagus?

Back 11

Esophageal glands -- mixed glands
-Mucus cells
-Serous cells
(Pepsinogen & Lysozyme)

Front 12

The submucosal (Meissner's) plexus is found in which layer ?

Back 12

Submucosa

Front 13

The muscularis externa consists of?

Back 13

1. Inner circular layer
2. Outer longitudinal layer

Front 14

What is present in the lamina propria of gastroesophageal junction?

Back 14

Cardiac glands

Front 15

What are the anatomic subdivisions of the stomach?

Back 15

1. Cardia
2. Fundus
3. Body
4. Pylorus

Front 16

What is the most dilated region of the alimentary canal?

Back 16

Stomach

Front 17

What type of epithelium is found in the stomach?

Back 17

Simple columnar

Front 18

What is present in the epithelium of the fundic stomach? (4)

Back 18

1. Microvilli
2. Secretory granules
3. Zonula occludentes & adherentes
4. Regenerative cells in base of pits

Front 19

What type of CT is the lamina propria of the stomach?

Back 19

Highly vascularized areolar CT

Front 20

What is found in the lamina propria of the fundic stomach? (6)

Back 20

1. Plasma cells
2. Lymphocytes
3. Mast cells
4. Fibroblasts
5. Some smooth muscle
6. Fundic glands

Front 21

What are the cell types present in the fundic glands? (6)

Back 21

1 Surface-lining cells
2. Parietal (oxyntic) cells
3. Regenerative (stem) cells
4. Mucous neck cells
5. Chief (zymogenic) cells
6. DNES cells

Front 22

What are the roles of the parietal (oxyntic) cells?

Back 22

1. Secrete HCl
2. Secrete Intrinsic Factor

Front 23

Which fundic cell type contains secretory vesicles w/ pepsinogen & gastric lipase?

Back 23

Chief cell

Front 24

What are synonyms for DNES cells? (4)

Back 24

1. DNES = diffuse neuroendocrine system
2. APUD = amine precursor uptake & decarboxylation
3. Enteroendocrine cells
4. Argentaffin or argyrophilic cells

Front 25

What is the role of the DNES cells?

Back 25

Paracrine, endocrine or neurocrine secretion

Front 26

In which part of the stomach are there NO chief cells?

Back 26

Cardiac region-- NO CHEIF CELLS

Front 27

What are the variations of the cardiac region of the stomach compared to the fundus? (3)

Back 27

Cardiac region:
1. Gastric pits shallow
2. Base of glands highly coiled
3. NO chief cells

Front 28

What are the variations of the pyloric region of the stomach compared to the pyloric region? (3)

Back 28

Pyloric region:
1. Glands highly convoluted & branch
2. Pits deep than other regions
3. Mucus neck cells predominate

Front 29

Where do mucus neck cells (produce mucus & lysozyme) predominate?

Back 29

Pyloric region

Front 30

The submucosa of the fundic stomach is made of what type of CT?

Back 30

Dense irregular CT

Front 31

What modifications are present in the small intestine to increase surface area? (3)

Back 31

1. Plicae circulares
2. Villi
3. Microvilli

Front 32

What types of cells are present in the epithelium of small intestine? (4)

Back 32

1. Surface absorptive cells
2. Goblet cells
3. DNES cells
4. MPS cells

Front 33

What cell types are present in the lamina propria of small intestine? (5)

Back 33

1. Surface absorptive cells
2. Goblet cells
3. Regenerative cells
4. DNES cells
5. Paneth cells

Front 34

What is the function of paneth cells of small intestine lamina propria?

Back 34

Secrete lysozyme (antimicrobial)

Front 35

The inner circular layer of muscularis mucosae in small instines extends how far?

Back 35

Extends up into vili

Front 36

Brunner's glands are present in ONLY in the submucosa of?

Back 36

Brunner's glands -- ONLY in submucosa of DUODENUM

Front 37

What is the function of Brunner's glands? (2)

Back 37

1. Secrete alkaline mucus to neutralize chyme
2. Secrete urogastrone-- inhibits HCl secretion & increase mitosis

Front 38

Where are lacteals present?

Back 38

Duodenum
-Areas where fat from digestion is absorbed & emulsified

Front 39

Serosa covers entire small intestine EXCEPT?

Back 39

2nd & 3rd parts of duodenum

Front 40

Peyer's patches are present in?

Back 40

Ileum

Front 41

Crypts of Lieberkuhn are present in?

Back 41

Small & large intestine

Front 42

What is NOT found in large intestine?

Back 42

1. No vill
2. No paneth cells

Front 43

Surface absorptive cells are most prevalent in what part of GI tract?

Back 43

Large intestine

Front 44

Increased number of goblet cells present in what part of GI tract?

Back 44

large intestine

Front 45

Serosa of large intestine contains?

Back 45

Epiploic appendices

Front 46

Outer longitudinal layer of muscle in large intestine is restricted to bands called?

Back 46

Taenia coli

Front 47

What type of epithelium is present from rectum to pectinate line?

Back 47

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Front 48

What type of epithelium is present from pectinate line to external orifice?

Back 48

Stratified squamous non-keratinized

Front 49

What type of epithelium is present at anus?

Back 49

Stratified squamous keratinized

Front 50

In large intestine, muscularis mucosae does NOT extend beyond?

Back 50

Pectinate line

Front 51

What type of epithelium lines the appendix?

Back 51

Simple columnar

Front 52

What cell types are present in the epithelium of appendix? (3)

Back 52

1. Surface absorptive cells
2. Goblet cells
3. M cells

Front 53

What is found in lamina propria of appendix? (2)

Back 53

1. Lymphoid nodules
2. Shallow crypts of Lieberkuhn