Gi High Yield

Front 1

Things to Know From Faust Review

Front 2

Unique Colon Functions

Back 2

-K+ and HC03 secretion

Front 3

Osmolarity Gap

Back 3

Osm gap= measured Osm – 2(Na + K)

Front 4

Patient on glut-free diet (celiac) and suddenly weight loss—think what?

Back 4

-T Cell lymphomas

Front 5

Recognize the following on the exam: Juvenile polyps (SMAD 4 mutation), Peutz-Jegher, Hyperplastic Polyps

Back 5

-Juvenile polyps-tons of glands
-Puetz Jegher- arboring smooth musle

Front 6

All colon cancers arise from adenomas (need 2 hits in APC to get adenoma). Then adenoma → cancer sequence

Front 7

If you have too many teeth think what?

Back 7

Gardener’s FAP

Front 8

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Drugs
-Sulfasalazine
-Corticosteriods

Back 8

-induces and maintains remission
-induce but not maintain remission

Front 9

Smooth muscle and desmin markers indicate

Back 9

Leimyomas

Front 10

Ckit +

Back 10

GIST

Front 11

Synaptophysin and chromagranin stain

Back 11

Carcinoids

Front 12

Chemo trigger zone has receptors

Back 12

M1, D2, 5HT3

Front 13

Diphenhydramine

Back 13

-Mainstay for motion sickness (acts on H1)

Front 14

Metoclopramide

Back 14

-Antimetics + increase motility

Front 15

Ondanestron

Back 15

-5HT3 antagonist (best treatment for vomiting---treats vomiting in chemo patient)

Front 16

Scopalamine

Back 16

-M-1 antagonist (only prophylactic)

Front 17

What’s the only agonist to cure vomiting

Back 17

Smoke weed (cannabis

Front 18

Describe how drugs increase motility (what receptors

Back 18

5HT4 agonist, Dopa antagonist, 5HT3 antagonist

Front 19

Treatment for Achalasia

Back 19

Botulinum (works by block Ach release so muscle relaxes)

Front 20

Understand development of the pancreas

Back 20

-Has dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds that fuse
-Pancreas is foregut structure so dorsal and ventral mesentery (entire gut are dorsal, only foregut ventral)

Front 21

Markers of Pancreatic Ductal adenocarcinoma

Back 21

-p16 and kras

Front 22

Centroacinar cells in pancreas do what?
Ducts cells in pancreas do what?

Back 22

Both secrete H20 and HC03

Front 23

Gallbladder has unique histology?

Back 23

-No muscularis mucosa (so no submucusa)

Front 24

In pancreas, proteases are secreted as__ to ensure safety

Back 24

Pro-enzymes

Front 25

**(def a question on exam cuz he said it 10 times) So your patient has PT time problem and you give them K+ and it corrects? If not correct? Whats goin on?

Back 25

-If corrects then absorption problem
-If not correct—if liver failure (cannot make clotting factors)

Front 28

How much of pancreas needs to be killed to get malabsorption

Back 28

80%

Front 29

Cyst vs. Psuedocyst

Back 29

Psudocyst not have true epithelial lining

Front 30

What’s the leading cause of pediatric transplant?

Back 30

Biliary atresia

Front 31

The #1 inherited cause of cirrhosis in kids

Back 31

Alpha 1 antitrypsin

Front 32

The #1 inherited cause of cirrhosis in adults

Back 32

Hemochromatosis

Front 33

Inflow and outflow issues in the liver affect what zone?

Back 33

Zone 3

Front 34

You can’t get Hep D w/o what?

Back 34

Hep B

Front 35

Fecal/Oral viruses that are acute

Back 35

Hep A, E

Front 36

Blood viruses that are chronic

Back 36

Hep B, C

Front 37

When treat Hep B patient? 3 things (he said this 10 times!!)

Back 37

-Liver enzyme +
-DNA +
-Biopsy shows inflammation

Front 38

What’s’ critical to know for Hep C?

Back 38

Genotype (1 worst, 2,3 best response to treatment*)

Front 39

Unconjugated bilirubin found in urine?
Conguated bilirubin found in urine?
Delta bilirubin found in urine?

Back 39

Only conjugated bilirubin is b/c unconjugated and delta bound to albumin so not make it into urine

Front 40

You use UDCA to treat what condition involving bile ducts

Back 40

-PBC (immune attack)

Front 41

What serum ascites albumin gradient means portal hypertension

Back 41

-1.1 or greater

Front 42

What’s the #1 cancer in cirrhotic and non cirrhotic liver

Back 42

-In non-cirrhotic its metaplasia (from GI)
-In cirrhotic its Hepatocellular carcinoma

Front 43

Does Hepatocellular carcinoma have precursor adenoma

Back 43

-NO!!! (hepatic adenoma is not precursor!)

Front 44

Treatment for Hep C

Back 44

Peg interferon + ribavirin. Genotype 2+3 best response to treatment

Front 45

Treatment for Hep B

Back 45

-Nucleoside analogues or interferon

Front 46

Who do you not give interferon to?

Back 46

Hep B patients with cirrhosis..give em oral

Front 48

Review 1+ 2 Questions

Front 49

What’s unique about D cells and somatostatin they release?

Back 49

-It acts locally (paracrine)

Front 50

If see goblet cells in esophagus biopsy

Back 50

Barret’s

Front 51

If see goblet in stomach

Back 51

Intestinal metaplasia

Front 52

What’s 2ndarily retroperitoneal

Back 52

-ascending and descending colon, pancrease, dusdenum