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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How much of pancreas needs to be killed to get malabsorption
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80%
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What serum ascites albumin gradient means portal hypertension
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-1.1 or greater
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Ondanestron
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-5HT3 antagonist (best treatment for vomiting---treats vomiting in chemo patient)
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Metoclopramide
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-Antimetics + increase motility
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What’s 2ndarily retroperitoneal
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-ascending and descending colon, pancrease, dusdenum
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Understand development of the pancreas
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-Has dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds that fuse
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**(def a question on exam cuz he said it 10 times) So your patient has PT time problem and you give them K+ and it corrects? If not correct? Whats goin on?
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-If corrects then absorption problem
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What’s the #1 cancer in cirrhotic and non cirrhotic liver
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-In non-cirrhotic its metaplasia (from GI)
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-Corticosteriods
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-induces and maintains remission
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What’s unique about D cells and somatostatin they release?
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-It acts locally (paracrine)
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Recognize the following on the exam: Juvenile polyps (SMAD 4 mutation), Peutz-Jegher, Hyperplastic Polyps
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-Juvenile polyps-tons of glands
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Unique Colon Functions
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-K+ and HC03 secretion
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When treat Hep B patient? 3 things (he said this 10 times!!)
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-Liver enzyme +
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Scopalamine
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-M-1 antagonist (only prophylactic)
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Diphenhydramine
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-Mainstay for motion sickness (acts on H1)
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Gallbladder has unique histology?
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-No muscularis mucosa (so no submucusa)
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Does Hepatocellular carcinoma have precursor adenoma
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-NO!!! (hepatic adenoma is not precursor!)
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Treatment for Hep B
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-Nucleoside analogues or interferon
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Markers of Pancreatic Ductal adenocarcinoma
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-p16 and kras
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You use UDCA to treat what condition involving bile ducts
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-PBC (immune attack)
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Patient on glut-free diet (celiac) and suddenly weight loss—think what?
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-T Cell lymphomas
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Describe how drugs increase motility (what receptors
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5HT4 agonist, Dopa antagonist, 5HT3 antagonist
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The #1 inherited cause of cirrhosis in kids
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Alpha 1 antitrypsin
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If see goblet cells in esophagus biopsy
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Barret’s
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What’s the leading cause of pediatric transplant?
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Biliary atresia
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Ducts cells in pancreas do what?
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Both secrete H20 and HC03
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Treatment for Achalasia
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Botulinum (works by block Ach release so muscle relaxes)
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Synaptophysin and chromagranin stain
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Carcinoids
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If you have too many teeth think what?
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Gardener’s FAP
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What’s’ critical to know for Hep C?
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Genotype (1 worst, 2,3 best response to treatment*)
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Ckit +
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GIST
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The #1 inherited cause of cirrhosis in adults
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Hemochromatosis
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Fecal/Oral viruses that are acute
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Hep A, E
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You can’t get Hep D w/o what?
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Hep B
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Who do you not give interferon to?
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Hep B patients with cirrhosis..give em oral
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Blood viruses that are chronic
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Hep B, C
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If see goblet in stomach
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Intestinal metaplasia
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Smooth muscle and desmin markers indicate
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Leimyomas
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Chemo trigger zone has receptors
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M1, D2, 5HT3
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Delta bilirubin found in urine?
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Only conjugated bilirubin is b/c unconjugated and delta bound to albumin so not make it into urine
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Osmolarity Gap
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Osm gap= measured Osm – 2(Na + K)
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Treatment for Hep C
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Peg interferon + ribavirin. Genotype 2+3 best response to treatment
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In pancreas, proteases are secreted as__ to ensure safety
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Pro-enzymes
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Cyst vs. Psuedocyst
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Psudocyst not have true epithelial lining
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What’s the only agonist to cure vomiting
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Smoke weed (cannabis
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Inflow and outflow issues in the liver affect what zone?
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Zone 3
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-Puetz Jegher- arboring smooth musle
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no answer
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All colon cancers arise from adenomas (need 2 hits in APC to get adenoma). Then adenoma → cancer sequence
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no answer
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease Drugs
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no answer
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-Sulfasalazine
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no answer
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-induce but not maintain remission
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no answer
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-Pancreas is foregut structure so dorsal and ventral mesentery (entire gut are dorsal, only foregut ventral)
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no answer
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Centroacinar cells in pancreas do what?
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no answer
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-If not correct—if liver failure (cannot make clotting factors)
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no answer
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-DNA +
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no answer
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-Biopsy shows inflammation
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no answer
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Unconjugated bilirubin found in urine?
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no answer
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Conguated bilirubin found in urine?
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no answer
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-In cirrhotic its Hepatocellular carcinoma
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no answer
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