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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what's the MCC of infantile gastroenteritis
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Rotavirus
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Name some symptoms caused by viral enteritis
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Abdominal cramps (#1)
vomiting watery diarrhea fever myalgia |
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name some symptoms caused by bacterial enteritis
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bloody diarrhea
small volume stools fever tenesmus- urge suprapubic pain relieved by BM |
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what's the MCC of viral enteritis
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Norwalk virus
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incubation period for staph
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6 hrs; from food left at room temp
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incubation period for botulism
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within 24 hrs of eating canned food
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incubation period for salmonella and shigella
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24-48 hrs
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incubation period for Giardiasis
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after one week with recurrent diarrhea
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incubation period for C.Diff
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2 weeks after antimicrobial use
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what causes cholera?
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ingestion of fecal contaminated food and water
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what are the symptoms of cholera?
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rice water stool
non-bloody diarrhea metabolic acidosis from lost bicarb Dehydration Hypotension |
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What is the mechanism of V.Cholera?
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interacts with G proteins and cyclic AMP to open ion channels
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how do you treat cholera?
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fluids (lactated Ringer's)
antimicrobials - tetracyclin, ampicillin |
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Describe the diarrhea caused by shigellosis
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abrupt onset with lower ab cramps and tenesmus
stool mixed with blood and mucus Fecal leukocytosis present |
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what are the 3 clinical patterns of salmonellosis
all caused by ingestion of food or water |
enteric fever(typhoid fever)incubation is 5-14 days; infection localizes in peyer's patches
acute enterocolitis - most common, often bloody diarrhea salmonella bacteremia - septicemic; common with HIV pts |
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what are the symptoms of enteric fever (typhoid fever)
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gradual onset of malaise,headache, n/v, ab pain
Rose spots, brady, splenomegaly leukopenia |
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the 3 MCCs of traveler's diarrhea
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E.Coli
Shigella Campilobacter jejuni Presents with chronic watery diarrhea fever is rare |
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what causes hemorrhagic colitis
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E. Coli 0157:H7
ingestion of unpasteurized milk or undercooked beef |
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S/S of hemorrhagic colitis
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severe cramps
watery diarrhea progresses to bloody diarrhea fever complicated cases can result in hemolytic-uremic syndrome or thrombocytopenic purpura Do not give antibiotics; they may increase the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome |
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who's at risk for getting C.Diff
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Patients on antibiotics
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What is Reye's syndrome
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a disease that affects the liver and brain possibly caused by ingestion of salicylate compounds to treat chicken pox or flu; Common in children
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S/S of protozoal infection
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ab pain
wheezing/hemoptysis(loffler's) steatorrhea (fatty stools) pruritis dysentery |
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if you see ova, parasites, and eosinophilia on lab test, what would you suggest?
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Protozoal infection
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what is the most common water borne infection
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Giardiasis, also known as Beaver Fever
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S/S of Giardia
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FACED
Fatty, foul smelling stool Ab pain Excessive flatus Cysts/tropophozoites in stool Diarrhea |
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Tx for Giardia
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Metronidazole (flagyl)
Tinidazole |
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what's the treatment for C.Diff
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Metronidazole (flagyl), Vanco
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when treating acute diarrhea, what agents should be avoided if there is fever, bloody diarrhea or evidence of toxicity
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Opiod agents
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The type of diarrhea that usually disappears with fasting
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Osmotic diarrhea
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What type of diarrhea is caused by lactase deficiency?
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Osmotic diarrhea
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What are some causes of secretory diarrhea?
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Acute infections:
Cholera E.coli Rotavirus Shigella Salmonella Yersinia Campylobacter |
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What does diarrhea with vomiting and fever suggests?
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Food poisoning
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