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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the retroperitoneal structures:
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SAD PUCKER: suprarenal gland, aorta/IVC, duodenum (2nd, 3rd, 4th part), pancreas (not tail), Ureters, colon (ascending, descending), eosphagus (lower 2/3), rectum (upper 2/3)
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Where are the meissner's and auerbach's plexuses located?
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Meissners (submucosa)
Auerbachs (myenteric): between the inner circular and outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa |
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Where are the brunner's glands located?
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The submucosa of the duodenum
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Which section of the digestive tract has the most goblet cells?
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Jejunum
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Where are the peyer's patches located?
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Ileum
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What does the colon have in terms of absorptive capacity?
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crypts but NO villi
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What arteries have poor anastamoses?
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Short gastrics IF splenic artery is blocked;
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If abdominal aorta is blocked, what 4 anastamoses exist?
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Superior to inferior epigastric, pancreaticoduodenal, and rectal;
and Middle colic to left colic |
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In portal hypertension, what portosystemic anastamoses form?
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Portal-->systemic
Esophageal varices: left gastric-->esophageal Caput medusae: paraumbilical--> superficial and inferior epigastric Internal hemorrhoids: superior rectal-->middle and inferior rectal |
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What are the main differences above and below pectinate line?
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Above: ectoderm, adenocarcinoma, internal hemorrhoids, painless since visceral innervation, drain to portal system
Below: endoderm, squamous cell carcinoma, external hem, painful since somatic, drain to IVC |
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What is zone 1 affected by?
Zone 3? |
Zone 1: viral hepatitis
Zone 3: alcoholic hepatitis, toxins, ischemia; contains p-450 system |
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What does the femoral sheath NOT contain?
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Femoral Nerve
Remember order towards navel is NAVL |
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What is the site of protrusion of an indirect hernia and it's relation to the inferior epigastic artery/ what's it covered by?
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Internal inguinal ring and Lateral; covered by ALL 3 layers of spermatic fascia (external, cremasteric muscle, and internal spermatic fascia)
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What is the site of protrusion of an direct hernia and it's relation to the inferior epigastic artery/what's it covered by?
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Abdominal wall Medial to the inferior epigastric artery/ covered only by external spermatic fascia
MDs LIe |
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What is the defect behind an indirect inguinal hernia?
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failure of processus vaginalis to close (seen in male infants)
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What are the border's of Hesslebach's triangle and what comes thru it?
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Inferior epigastric artery, lateral border of rectus abdominus and inguinal ligament
Direct inguinal hernia comes thru it |
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What is the main consequence of femoral hernia?
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Leading cause of bowel incarceration
(more common in women) |
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Which hormone inhibits all GI secretions?
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somatostatin
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How does vagal stimulation affect the stomach?
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Ach makes parietal cells secrete gastric acid. GRP makes G cells of the antrum secret gastrin which signals to ECL cells to release histimine which signals to parietal cells
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How does flow rate affect pancreatic secretions?
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Low flow: high Cl-
High flow: high bicarb |
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What does the D-xylose absorption test measure?
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distinguishes GI mucosal damage from other causes of malabsorption
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