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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What embryonic tissue gives rise to the GI tract/
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Endoderm (inside)
Lateral plate mesoderm (outer lining) |
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What are the three divisions of the GI tract?
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Foregut
Midgut Hindgut |
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What are the structures of the foregut?
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Thyroid
Esophagus Trachea Lung Liver Biliary Tree Pancreas Stomach Upper third of duodenum |
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What are the structures of the midgut?
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Second part of duodenum to right half of transverse colon
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What are the structure of the hindgut?
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Left half of transverse colon to the anus
Urinary bladder |
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What are the functions of the embryonic endoderm?
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Form lining of the digestive and respiratory tube
Induce formation of the mesod3ermal organs |
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How is the gut tube formed?
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The folding of a flat sheet of endoderm into a tube surrounded by lateral plate mesoderm
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Where are the two places where there's a juction between the ectoderm and the endoderm?
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Mouth-esophagus
Anus |
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What part of the gut undrergoes a physiological herniation? Why?
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The midgut
It grows too fast! |
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What is the stomedeum?
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The oral plate
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Where are two places that there needs to be openings in the GI tube? Are they always open?
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Mouth and anus
No; the oral end is blocked by the stomedeum |
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In the digestive tube after the pharynx, what embryonic tissue form what structures?
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Endoderm: lining of the digestive tube as well as its glands
Mesenchyme: lateral plate mesoderm forms the muscles for peristalsis |
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What molecule decides the specification of the gut tissue? This factor induces what gene family?
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Retinoic acid
Hox genes |
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Transitions between palates of Hox genes are typically found at these places:
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Sphincters
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What TF is specific for the stomach and esophagus?
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Sox2
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What TF is specific for the proximal part of the small intesine and pancreas?
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Pdx1
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What TF is specific for the liver?
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Hhex
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What TF is specific for the midgut and hindgut?
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Cdx2
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Where in the GI system is the retinoic acid gradient highest?
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The hindgut, decreasing up the GU system
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What two tissues interact to pattern the GI tract?
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Mesenchyme: regionalizes the GI epithelium
Epithelium: establishes, maintains the SM |
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What factor is present in the stomach epithelium that prohibits it from turning into intestinal epithelia? How does it do this?
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sFRP
Inhibition of WNT signalling |
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What molecule is responsible for radial differentiation of the gut? What is the nature of its gradient?
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Shh
Highest near the lumen, decreasing radially |
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What are the effects of Shh on the gut tissue?
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At high concentrations, prohibitive of SM formation
At low concentrations, prohibitive of SM formation |
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What area of the stomach grows fastest? What does this become?
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The dorsal region
The greater curvature |
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What are the rotations of the gut?
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1. Along the longitudinal axis clockwise; greater curvature is on the R
2. Along the AP axis clockwise |
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What is a disorder related to the stomach that can cause obstruction of the food tube and vomiting?
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Pyloric stenosis
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What are the symptoms of pyloric stenosis?
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Vomiting
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