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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are antacids used to treat?
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heartburn and acid indigestion
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How do antacids work?
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neutralize hydrocholoric acid and decrease pepsin activity
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What can occur if antacids are taken in excessive amounts?
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acid rebound
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What can be exacerbated with antacid use?
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HTN and HF
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When should antacids be taken?
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1 & 3 hrs after meals
and at bedtime |
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When should antacids be given after other meds?
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1 to 2 hrs
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Antacids are contraindicated in pts with what?
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renal d/s
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What should antacids not be taken with?
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milk or foods high in vit. D
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What should you monitor with a pt taking antacids?
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electrolytes and color and consistency of stool
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What are Histamine H2 antagonists used to treat?
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gastric and duodenal ulcers
prevent acid reflux in esophagus occurance of stress ulcers |
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How do histamine H2 antagonist work?
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block the action of histamine at H2 receptor sites loctaed on parietal cells in the stomach
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What can histamine H2 antagonist affect the absorption of?
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B12
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What can hamper effectiveness of histamine H2 antagonist?
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smoking
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Which H2 histamine antagnoist should be seperated from antacid by at least 1 hr?
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tagamet and zantac
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What are proton pump inhibitors used to treat?
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hyperacidity
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How do proton pump inhibitors work?
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block final step of acid production by inhibiting hydrogen/potassium enzyme system on the parietal cells
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What are the side effects of the proton pump inhibitors?
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H/A
dizziness diarrhea abd. pain rash |
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When should the proton pump inhibitors be taken?
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30 min to 1 hr before meals
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What can proton pump inhibitors affect the absorption of?
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vitamins
minerals and meds |
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What are pepsin inhibitors used for?
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protect ulcers from acid
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How do pepsin inhibitors work?
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adhering to ulcer surface
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What do pepsin inhibitors not do?
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neutralize acid or decrease acid secretion
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What are prostaglandin analogues used for?
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prevention of gastic ulcers caused by NSAIDS
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How do prostaglandin analogues work?
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decreases gastric acid secretion and increase production of protective mucus
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Who should not take prostaglandin analogues?
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pregnant women
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How do bulk-forming laxatives work?
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draw water into intestines and increase bulkiness of stool mass and peristalsis
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How do mineral oils work for constipation?
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coat and soften stool allowing for easier passage
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When should mineral oil not be given?
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with or directly after meals and meds b/c it prevents absorption of fat soluble vitamins
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How do osmotic agents work for constipation?
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draw water into colon which increases water in stool with increases bulk and peristalsis
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Who are osmotic agents contraindicated for?
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HTN, HF, edema, kidney d/s
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How do stimulants work for constipation?
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irritate sensory nerve endings in gastric mucosa which increases peristalsis
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What are stool softeners used for?
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to prevent constipation but does not treat existing constipation
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How do stool softeners work?
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promote water accumulation in intestines and stool
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Who are laxatives contraindicated with?
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appendicitis, ab. or intestinal obstruction
severe GI pain |
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How do opiates treat severe diarrhea?
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decrease peristalsis and abd. cramping
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What are opiates used to treat?
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traveler's diarrhea
nonspecific and chronic diarrhea |
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How do adsorbents work for diarrhea?
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coat wall of GI tract and absorb toxins or bacteria
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Who should not take bismuth salts?
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children or teenagers
edema of brain increased ICP hypoglycemia liver dysfunction |
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What is in bismuth salts?
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aspirin
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What are intestinal flora modifiers used for?
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supress growth of diarrhea causing bacteria and restore normal intestinal flora
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What are somatostain analog used to treat?
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severe, profuse, watery diarrhea in pts with GI endocrine metastatic tumors
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How do somatostatin analogs work?
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decreases smooth muscle contractibility
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What are some nursing implications for diarrheals?
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monitor frequency and character of bowel movements
monitor for dehydration do not administer to pts with severe abd. pain re-evaluate if continues beyond 48 hrs. |
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What are antispasmodics/anti-cholinergics used for?
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peptic ulcer d/s and IBS
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How do antispasmoidcs/anti-cholinergics work?
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decrease GI motility and secretions, delays gastric emptying and relaxes smooth muscle
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When should antispasmodics/anti-cholinergics be given?
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30 min AC and at bedtime
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What are emetics used for?
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induce vomitting in acute situations of poisoning or overdose
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How do emetics work?
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stimulate vomiting center in medulla
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How do antihistamines work for vomiting?
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inhibit vestibular stimulation in middle ear
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How do dopamine antatgonists work for vomiting?
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block dopamine 2 receptors in vomiting center
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What are the side effects of dopamine antagonists?
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sedation, hypotension and extrapyramidal symptoms
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What are glucoorticoids used for?
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n/v from chemotherapy
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What are serotonin antagonists used for?
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treat and prevent pre/post op n/v
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