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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Drugs Reducing Intragastric Acid
Antacids |
Aluminum hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide Calcium Carbonate Sodium bicarbonate |
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Drugs Reducing Intragastric Acid
H2-Receptor Antagonists |
Cimetidine
Famotidine Ranitidine |
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Drugs Reducing Intragastric Acid
Proton Pump Inhibitors |
Esomoprazole
Omeprazole |
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Mucosal Protective Agents
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Bismuth subsalicylates
Misoprostol Sucralfate |
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H. Pylori Inf Txs
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-Amoxicillin/Metronidazole
-Clarithromycin -PPI -Amoxicillin -Clarithromycin -PPI -Tinidazole -Bismuth subsalicylate -Metronidazole -PPI -Tetracycline -Bismuth subcitrate -Potassium -PPI |
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Bulk-Forming Laxatives
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Methylcellulose
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Stool softeners
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Docusate
Mineral Oil |
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Osmotic Laxatives
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Balanced polyethylene glycol
Lactulose Magnesium hydroxide Sodium phosphate |
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Stimulant Laxatives
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Bisacodyl
Senna |
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Chloride Channel Activators
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Lubiprostone
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Opoid Receptor Antagonists
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Alvimopan
Methylnaltrexone |
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Aminosalicylates
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Mesalamine
Sulfasalazine |
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Glucocorticoids
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Budesonide
Hydrocortisone Prednisolone Prednisone |
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Antimetabolites
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6-Mercaptopurine
Asathioprine Methotrexate |
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Anti-TNF Agents
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Infliximab
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Anti-Integrin Agents
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Natalizumab
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Prokinetic Drugs
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Erythromycin
Metoclopramide |
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Antidiarrheal Agents
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Cholestyramine
Diphenoxylate Loperamide Octreotide |
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Antiemetic Agents
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Aprepitant
Diazapan Dimenhydrinate Diphenhydramine Dronabinol Droperidol Fosprepitant Lorazepam Meclizine Ondansetron Prochlorperazine Promethazine Scopolamine Thiethylperazine Trimethobenzamide |
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IBS
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Alosetron
Dicyclomine |
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Other Conditions
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Pancrelipase
Ursodiol |
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Aluminum Hydroxide
Magnesium Hydroxide Calcium Carbonate Sodium Bicarbonate |
MOA - as weak bases, react w/ HCl =>> salt and water
Uses - tx of intermittent heartburn and dyspepsia AE - distension, belching, metabolic alkalosis, fluid retention, osmotic diarrhea (MgOH), constipation (AlOH) CI - hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency |
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Cimetidine
Famotidine Ranitidine |
MOA - competitive inhibitors of H2-receptors on parietal cells - stimulate cAMP
Uses - GERD, PUD, esophagitis, prevention of bleeding from gastritis, systemic mastocytosis AE - cimetidine -> gynecomastia, galactorrhea CI - concomitant use of antacids, alcohol, drugs metabolized by p450s, pregnancy, renal/hepatic impairment/disease |
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Esomeprazole
Omeprazole |
MOA - irreversible suicide inhibition of H+/K+ ATPase
Uses - GERD, PUD, nonulcer dyspepsia, prophylaxis for mucosal bleeding, gastrinoma AE - inc risk of fracture/inf CI - severe liver impairment, osteoporosis, absorption, can affect metabolism |
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Sucralfate
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MOA - unclear; sucrose sulfate binds to charged proteins --> physical barrier
Uses - reduces UGIB AE - constipation CI - renal insufficiency |
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Misoprostol
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MOA - binds and stimulates PG receptor on parietal cells
Uses - reduce NSAID-induced ulvers, prevent NSAID-induced ulcers, w/ RU-486 --> MAB AE - diarrhea and cramping, sepsis, bone pain w/ liver disease CI - pregnancy, women of childbearing age |
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Bismuth subsalicylate
Bismth subcitrate |
MOA - coats ulcer
Uses - nonspecific tx of dyspepsia and acute diarrhea, prevent traveler's diarrhea, h. pylori inf AE - black stool, darkening of tongue, toxicity CI - renal insufficiency |
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Erythromycin
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MOA - direct stimulation of motilin receptors
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Metoclopramide
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MOA - DA receptor antagonist
Uses - GERD AE - extrapyramidal sxs, galactorrhea CI - long term use |
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Methylcellulose
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MOA - absorption of water causes formation of bulky, emollient gel
Uses - constipation AE - bloating and flatus |
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Docusate
Mineral Oil |
MOA - softens stool material, permitting water and lipids to penetrate/lubricates fecal material
Uses - prevent constipation AE - Mineral oil - aspiration --> lipid pneumonitis, impairment of fat-soluble vits |
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Lactulose
Magnesium hydroxide Sodium phosphate |
MOA - soluble but nonabsorbable nature of compounds reults in increased stool liquidity due to an obligate inc in fecal fluid
Uses - tx of acute constipation, prevents chronic constipation AE - hypermagnesemia, severe flatus and cramps, specific to sodium phosphate - hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, cardiac arrhythmias, renal failure CI - renal insufficiency, frail or elderly, cardiac disease |
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Docusate
Mineral Oil |
MOA - softens stool material, permitting water and lipids to penetrate/lubricates fecal material
Uses - prevent constipation AE - Mineral oil - aspiration --> lipid pneumonitis, impairment of fat-soluble vits |
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Balanced Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
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Uses - lavage solution for colonic clean, chronic constipation
AE - balanced isotonic nature of solution prevents significant intravascular fluid and electrolyte shifts |
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Lactulose
Magnesium hydroxide Sodium phosphate |
MOA - soluble but nonabsorbable nature of compounds reults in increased stool liquidity due to an obligate inc in fecal fluid
Uses - tx of acute constipation, prevents chronic constipation AE - hypermagnesemia, severe flatus and cramps, specific to sodium phosphate - hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, cardiac arrhythmias, renal failure CI - renal insufficiency, frail or elderly, cardiac disease |
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Senna
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MOA - direct ENS stimulation and colonic electrolyte/fluid secretion
Uses - constipation AE - brown pigmentation of colon "melanosis coli" |
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Balanced Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
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Uses - lavage solution for colonic clean, chronic constipation
AE - balanced isotonic nature of solution prevents significant intravascular fluid and electrolyte shifts |
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Bisacodyl
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MOA - direct ENS stimulation and colonic electrolyte/fluid secretion
Uses - acute/chronic constipation, colonic cleansing |
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Senna
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MOA - direct ENS stimulation and colonic electrolyte/fluid secretion
Uses - constipation AE - brown pigmentation of colon "melanosis coli" |
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Lubiprostone
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MOA - stimulation of type 2 Cl- channels in SI
Uses - chronic constipation and IBS w/ predominant constipation (women) AE - HA and nausea CI - mech bowel obstruction, men with IBS w/ constipation, category C preg |
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Bisacodyl
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MOA - direct ENS stimulation and colonic electrolyte/fluid secretion
Uses - acute/chronic constipation, colonic cleansing |
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Alvimopan
Methylnaltrexone |
MOA - antagonize peripheral mu-opioid receptors
Uses - alvimopan - shorten period of postoperative ileus; methylnaltrexone - opioid-induced constipation AE - CV tox, ab pain, flatulence, nausea (methyl) CI - mech bowel obstruction, >7 day opioid use, renal/hepatic impairment |
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Lubiprostone
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MOA - stimulation of type 2 Cl- channels in SI
Uses - chronic constipation and IBS w/ predominant constipation (women) AE - HA and nausea CI - mech bowel obstruction, men with IBS w/ constipation, category C preg |
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Diphenoxylate
Loperamide |
MOA - agonist at opioid receptors
Uses - chronic diarrhea due to IBD, traveler's diarrhea AE - opioid dependence |
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Alvimopan
Methylnaltrexone |
MOA - antagonize peripheral mu-opioid receptors
Uses - alvimopan - shorten period of postoperative ileus; methylnaltrexone - opioid-induced constipation AE - CV tox, ab pain, flatulence, nausea (methyl) CI - mech bowel obstruction, >7 day opioid use, renal/hepatic impairment |
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Cholestyramine
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MOA - binds bile acids in intestinal lumen and prevent reabsorption
Uses - diarrhea due to excess fecal bile acids AE - constipation and bloating, heartburn, gas CI - diverticulitis, certain drugs |
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Diphenoxylate
Loperamide |
MOA - agonist at opioid receptors
Uses - chronic diarrhea due to IBD, traveler's diarrhea AE - opioid dependence |
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Cholestyramine
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MOA - binds bile acids in intestinal lumen and prevent reabsorption
Uses - diarrhea due to excess fecal bile acids AE - constipation and bloating, heartburn, gas CI - diverticulitis, certain drugs |
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Octreotide
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MOA - mimics somatostatin
Uses - secretory diarrhea and systemic symptoms caused by carcinoid tumor and VIPoma, diarrhea by short bowel syndrome or AIDS, varices, GI bleed AE - steatorrhea, fat-soluble vit def |
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Octreotide
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MOA - mimics somatostatin
Uses - secretory diarrhea and systemic symptoms caused by carcinoid tumor and VIPoma, diarrhea by short bowel syndrome or AIDS, varices, GI bleed AE - steatorrhea, fat-soluble vit def |
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Alosetron
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MOA - potent and selective 5HT receptor antagonist
Uses - women w/ severe diarrhea-predominant IBS unresponsive to conventional therapies AE - GI tox, constipation, ischemic colitis |
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Dicyclomine
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MOA - nonspecific muscarinic receptor antagonist
Uses - IBS AE - dizziness, xerostomia CI - obstructive GI, severe UC, esophagitis, myasthenia gracis breast feeding |
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Ondansetron
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MOA - Inhibit 5HT receptors
Uses - primary agents for prevention of acute chemo-induced nausea and vomiting, postoperative/postradiation N/V, hyperemesis of pregnancy AE - constipation, diarrhea, HA, lightheadedness, prolonged QT CI - hepatic insufficiency |
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Aprepitant
Fosaprepitant |
MOA - antagonism of brain NK-receptors
Uses - combo w/ glucocorticoids and 5HT receptor antagonists for prevention of acute and delayed N/V from chemo AE - fatigue, dizziness, diarrhea CI - drugs metabolized/inhibited by CYP3A4 |
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Benzodiazepines
Butyrophenones (droperidol) Dronabinol |
prevents N/V
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Diphenhydramine
Dimenhydrinate Meclizine Scopolamine |
H1 receptor antagonists, antiemetic
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Prochlorperazine
Promethazine Thiethylperazine |
antiemetic
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Mesalamine
Sulfasalazine |
MOA - variable effects on PG syn, modulates imflam mediators, scavenges ROS
Uses - mild to mod UC/Crohn's AE - nausea, GI upset, HA, HS rxn, oligospermia, impairs folate absorption, diarrhea |
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Azathioprine
6-Mercaptopurine |
MOA - inhibits several enzymes involved in de novo purine nucleotide syn
Uses - induction and maintenance of remission of UC and Crohn's AE - N/V, bone marrow depression, leukopenia, macrocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatic toxicity, HS rxns CI - no TPMT activity, intermediate TPMT activity, admin w/ allopurinol |
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Methotrexate
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MOA - inhibits enzymatic fxn of dihydrofolate reductase, thereby blocking syn of THF from folic acid
Uses - inductino and maintenance of remission of Crohn's dz AE - bone marrow depression, megaloblastic anemia, alopecia, mucositis, hepatic toxicity |
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Infliximab
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MOA - bind and neutralize soluble and membrane-bound TNF
Uses - acute and chronic tx of mod to severe Crohn's/UC AE - inf, reactivation and dissemination of latent TB, URTI |
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Natalizumab
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MOA - binds and neutralizes alpha4 subunits of integrin
Uses - mod to severe Crohn's AE - acute infusion rxn, opportunistic inf CI - other immune suppressing agents |
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Pancrelipase
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MOA - displays enzymatic activity proper to each enzyme
Uses - tx of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency AE - oropharyngeal mucositis, diarrhea, ab pain, hyperuricosuria, renal stones |
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Ursodiol
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MOA - decreases cholesterol content of bile by reducing hepatic cholesterol secretion
Uses - dissolution of small cholesterol gallstones in pts w/ sxs gallbladder dz who refuse cholecystectomy or poor surgical candidates AE - bile-salt induced diarrhea |
