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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
which diseases induce constipation?
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- diabetes
- hypothyroidism - multiple sclerosis - parkinson's disease - neoplasms - IBS |
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which drugs induce constipation?
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- antacids
- anticholinergics - antidepressants - opiates - iron - antihyperlipidenic agents - benzodiazepines - phenothiazines (CNS drugs) - laxative abuse |
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what are the 6 types of laxatives?
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bulk-forming
emollient lubricant saline hyperosmotic stimulant |
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what is the mechanism of bulk-forming laxatives?
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it most closely resembles the natural physiological actions, forms non-absorbable mass in the gut when it mixes with water and results in a normal bowel movement
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bulk-forming laxatives are indicated for which groups?
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pts on low-residue diets, postpartum women, pts with colostomies, IBS, diverticular disease, those who should not strain stool
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what are the adverse effects of bulk-forming laxatives?
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choking
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what are examples of bulk-forming laxatives?
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polycarbophil-chemical hydrophilic agent- synthetic agent- Konsyl, Fiber-lax
methylcellulose- another chemical hydrophilic agent- Citrucel, swells up and forms a mass in the stomach psyllium- natrually occurring hydrophilic agent, Metamucil, Serutan, Effer-syllium, Perdiem Fiber Malt dextrin extract-syrup, better for children, Maltsupex |
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how long does it usually talk a bulk-forming laxative to work?
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24 hrs
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how does it take for an emollient laxative to work?
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24-72 hrs
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what are emollient laxatives?
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surface active agents (detergents) that increase wetting efficiency of intestinal fluids, causing formation of a soft, wet, easy to pass fecal mass
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what are the primary agents of emollient laxatives?
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docusate sodium and docusate calcium
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Is an emollient laxative indicated for pregnant women?
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yes
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what is an example of a lubricant laxative?
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liquid petrolatum (mineral oil)
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How long does it take for a lubricant laxative to work?
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takes about 8 hours
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what are saline laxatives?
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non absorbable salts of magnesium and sodium
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what do saline laxatives in the body?
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casue the movement of fluid into the GI tract by osmosis, it causes increased intraluminal pressure and increased intestinal motility
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how long does it take for saline laxatives to work?
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30 min to 3 hrs after oral doses, 2-5 minutes after rectal administration
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what is the primary indication for saline laxatives?
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bowel cleansing prior to a surgery or procedure or following ingestion of a poison
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what are examples of saline laxatives?
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magnesium citrate (Citrate of Magnesia, Citroma)
magnesium hydroxide (Philips milk of magnesia) sodium phosphate (fleet phospho soda and fleet ready to use enema) magnesium sulfate (epsom salts) |
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what is glycerin?
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it is a hyperosmotic laxative
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how long does it take for glycerin to work?
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30 minutes in suppository form
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what is Miralax?
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it is a hyperosmotic
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what do stimulant laxatives to?
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they increase peristatlic activity by causing local irritation of the intestinal mucosa and they may increase the secretion of water and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen
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how long does it take stimulant laxatives to work?
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8 hours
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what are examples of anthraquinone stimulant laxatives?
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cascara sagrada, casanthranol, senna, aloe, aloin, danthron, rhubarb, frangula
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what are examples of diphenylmethanes stimulant laxatives?
miscellaneous one? |
bisacodyl, phenolphthalein
miscellaneous castor oil |
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Metamucil is a brand of what?
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psyllium (bulk forming)
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