Gi Disorders

Front 1

which diseases induce constipation?

Back 1

- diabetes
- hypothyroidism
- multiple sclerosis
- parkinson's disease
- neoplasms
- IBS

Front 2

which drugs induce constipation?

Back 2

- antacids
- anticholinergics
- antidepressants
- opiates
- iron
- antihyperlipidenic agents
- benzodiazepines
- phenothiazines (CNS drugs)
- laxative abuse

Front 3

what are the 6 types of laxatives?

Back 3

bulk-forming
emollient
lubricant
saline
hyperosmotic
stimulant

Front 4

what is the mechanism of bulk-forming laxatives?

Back 4

it most closely resembles the natural physiological actions, forms non-absorbable mass in the gut when it mixes with water and results in a normal bowel movement

Front 5

bulk-forming laxatives are indicated for which groups?

Back 5

pts on low-residue diets, postpartum women, pts with colostomies, IBS, diverticular disease, those who should not strain stool

Front 6

what are the adverse effects of bulk-forming laxatives?

Back 6

choking

Front 7

what are examples of bulk-forming laxatives?

Back 7

polycarbophil-chemical hydrophilic agent- synthetic agent- Konsyl, Fiber-lax
methylcellulose- another chemical hydrophilic agent- Citrucel, swells up and forms a mass in the stomach
psyllium- natrually occurring hydrophilic agent, Metamucil, Serutan, Effer-syllium, Perdiem Fiber
Malt dextrin extract-syrup, better for children, Maltsupex

Front 8

how long does it usually talk a bulk-forming laxative to work?

Back 8

24 hrs

Front 9

how does it take for an emollient laxative to work?

Back 9

24-72 hrs

Front 10

what are emollient laxatives?

Back 10

surface active agents (detergents) that increase wetting efficiency of intestinal fluids, causing formation of a soft, wet, easy to pass fecal mass

Front 11

what are the primary agents of emollient laxatives?

Back 11

docusate sodium and docusate calcium

Front 12

Is an emollient laxative indicated for pregnant women?

Back 12

yes

Front 13

what is an example of a lubricant laxative?

Back 13

liquid petrolatum (mineral oil)

Front 14

How long does it take for a lubricant laxative to work?

Back 14

takes about 8 hours

Front 15

what are saline laxatives?

Back 15

non absorbable salts of magnesium and sodium

Front 16

what do saline laxatives in the body?

Back 16

casue the movement of fluid into the GI tract by osmosis, it causes increased intraluminal pressure and increased intestinal motility

Front 17

how long does it take for saline laxatives to work?

Back 17

30 min to 3 hrs after oral doses, 2-5 minutes after rectal administration

Front 18

what is the primary indication for saline laxatives?

Back 18

bowel cleansing prior to a surgery or procedure or following ingestion of a poison

Front 19

what are examples of saline laxatives?

Back 19

magnesium citrate (Citrate of Magnesia, Citroma)
magnesium hydroxide (Philips milk of magnesia)
sodium phosphate (fleet phospho soda and fleet ready to use enema)
magnesium sulfate (epsom salts)

Front 20

what is glycerin?

Back 20

it is a hyperosmotic laxative

Front 21

how long does it take for glycerin to work?

Back 21

30 minutes in suppository form

Front 22

what is Miralax?

Back 22

it is a hyperosmotic

Front 23

what do stimulant laxatives to?

Back 23

they increase peristatlic activity by causing local irritation of the intestinal mucosa and they may increase the secretion of water and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen

Front 24

how long does it take stimulant laxatives to work?

Back 24

8 hours

Front 25

what are examples of anthraquinone stimulant laxatives?

Back 25

cascara sagrada, casanthranol, senna, aloe, aloin, danthron, rhubarb, frangula

Front 26

what are examples of diphenylmethanes stimulant laxatives?
miscellaneous one?

Back 26

bisacodyl, phenolphthalein

miscellaneous castor oil

Front 27

Metamucil is a brand of what?

Back 27

psyllium (bulk forming)