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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Sandhoff Disease?
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Hexosaminidase B deficiency--causes neuropathic motility problems
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What is an ionic way that ileostomies can cause dehydration?
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Sodium loss
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What ionic changes can occur because of diarrhea?
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Hypokalemia and acidosis because potassium and bicarbonate in the stool is very high and you are losing lots of it
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What is the osmolarity of all stool?
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290 mosm
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What gut section absorbs the most?
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The jejunum
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When you come to the Y in the road...
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You pump the brakes--Peptide YY causes the ILEAL brake which feeds back to the stomach to reduce gastric transit and the proximal small intestine to slow small bowel transit time
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Pancreatic insufficiency can cause what type of diarrhea?
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Osmotic
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What bacterial organism is notorious for invasion and seeding of organisms?
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Salmonella
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True/False: Campylobacter, salmonella, and shigella can all cause chronic diarrhea
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FALSE--chronic is usually giardia, cryptosporidium, and C. diff
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Why should you try not to use antibiotics for EHEC?
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Because of HUS
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What is the modified three day rule?
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If a patient has been in the hospital more than three days then it is probably not community acquired so all you need to test for is C. diff UNLESS THEY ARE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED OR VERY YOUNG/OLD--take multiple samples due to intermittent shedding
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Pathogen Card: Norwalk Virus
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Cruise ship virus--crowds
Treat supportively |
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Pathogen Card: Rotavirus
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Most common diarrhea cause in children
Kills mature villous cells in small bowel Transmitted fecal oral Diagnose: Rotazyme type A antigen Treatment: Supportive |
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Pathogen Card: Staph aureus
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Heat stable enterotoxin
Causes inflamm changes in enterocytes Effects nerves to cause motility changes QUICK ON/QUICK OFF |
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Pathogen Card: Clostridium perfringens
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Heat labile enterotoxin
Gram + SPORE FORMING Pseudomembranes |
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Pathogen Card: Bacillus cereus
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One heat labile(diarrhea) toxin and one heat stabile(vomiting)
Mitoch. toxicity, lactic acidosis, and acute liver failure |
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Pathogen Card: ETEC
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Traveler's diarrhea
activate adenylate cyclase to cause a secretory diarrhea Fecal/oral transmission Treat only the symptoms and prevent with pepto-bismol |
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Pathogen Card: EHEC
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Watery stool that BECOME bloody
No fever No anitbiotics |
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Pathogen Card: Vibrio Cholera
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Incubation is 18-48 hr.
Activates adenylate cyclase to cause intestinal secretion |
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Pathogen Card: Salmonella typhi
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Typhoid fever
Presents as fever with few GI symptoms Incubation period: ONE TO TWO WEEKS Week 1: fever Week 2: splenomegaly and hepatomegaly Week 3: toxemia Week 4: GI symptoms ROSE SPOTS ON ABDOMEN |
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Pathogen Card: Campylobacter
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24-72 hour incubation period
1 week duration Frequent bloody diarrhea Reactive arthritis and Guillan Barre Treatment: Erythromycin |
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Pathogen Card: Yersinia
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Heat labile toxin
Likes to be around lymphoid tissue--infects immune rich ILEUM-->enters the cecum to mimic Crohn's disease May cause REACTIVE ARTHRITIS |
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Pathogen Card: Shigella
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Small inoculum
Incubation: 36-72 hours Duration: 1-30 days Enterotoxin Extraintest. = Reiter syndrome. reactive arthritis, sometimes HUS Treat with antibiotics |
